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Complete Mitogenomes of Ticks Ixodes acutitarsus and Ixodes ovatus Parasitizing Giant Panda: Deep Insights into the Comparative Mitogenomic and Phylogenetic Relationship of Ixodidae Species

Ticks rank second in the world as vectors of disease. Tick infestation is one of the factors threatening the health and survival of giant pandas. Here, we describe the mitogenomes of Ixodes acutitarsus and Ixodes ovatus parasitizing giant pandas, and perform comparative and phylogenetic genomic anal...

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Autores principales: Liu, Jiabin, Yu, Jiaojiao, Yu, Xiang, Bi, Wenlei, Yang, Hong, Xue, Fei, Zhang, Gexiang, Zhang, Jindong, Yi, Dejiao, Ma, Rui, Zhou, Yanshan, Lan, Guanwei, Gu, Jiang, Wu, Wei, Li, Zusheng, Qi, Guilan
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9691169/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36360286
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes13112049
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author Liu, Jiabin
Yu, Jiaojiao
Yu, Xiang
Bi, Wenlei
Yang, Hong
Xue, Fei
Zhang, Gexiang
Zhang, Jindong
Yi, Dejiao
Ma, Rui
Zhou, Yanshan
Lan, Guanwei
Gu, Jiang
Wu, Wei
Li, Zusheng
Qi, Guilan
author_facet Liu, Jiabin
Yu, Jiaojiao
Yu, Xiang
Bi, Wenlei
Yang, Hong
Xue, Fei
Zhang, Gexiang
Zhang, Jindong
Yi, Dejiao
Ma, Rui
Zhou, Yanshan
Lan, Guanwei
Gu, Jiang
Wu, Wei
Li, Zusheng
Qi, Guilan
author_sort Liu, Jiabin
collection PubMed
description Ticks rank second in the world as vectors of disease. Tick infestation is one of the factors threatening the health and survival of giant pandas. Here, we describe the mitogenomes of Ixodes acutitarsus and Ixodes ovatus parasitizing giant pandas, and perform comparative and phylogenetic genomic analyses on the newly sequenced and other available mitogenomes of hard ticks. All six newly determined mitogenomes contain a typical gene component and share an ancient Arthropoda gene arrangement pattern. Our study suggests that I. ovatus is a species complex with high genetic divergence, indicating that different clades of I. ovatus represent distinct species. Comparative mitogenomic analyses show that the average A + T content of Ixodidae mitogenomes is 78.08%, their GC-skews are strongly negative, while AT-skews fluctuate around 0. A large number of microsatellites are detected in Ixodidae mitogenomes, and the main microsatellite motifs are mononucleotide A and trinucleotide AAT. We summarize five gene arrangement types, and identify the trnY-COX1-trnS1-COX2-trnK-ATP8-ATP6-COX3-trnG fragment is the most conserved region, whereas the region near the control region is the rearrangement hotspot in Ixodidae mitogenomes. The phylogenetic trees based on 15 genes provide a very convincing relationship (Ixodes + (Robertsicus + ((Bothriocroton + Haemaphysalis) + (Amblyomma + (Dermacentor + (Rhipicentor + (Hyalomma + Rhipicephalus))))))) with very strong supports. Remarkably, Archaeocroton sphenodonti is embedded in the Haemaphysalis clade with strong supports, resulting in paraphyly of the Haemaphysalis genus, so in-depth morphological and molecular studies are essential to determine the taxonomic status of A. sphenodonti and its closely related species. Our results provide new insights into the molecular phylogeny and evolution of hard ticks, as well as basic data for population genetics assessment and efficient surveillance and control for the giant panda-infesting ticks.
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spelling pubmed-96911692022-11-25 Complete Mitogenomes of Ticks Ixodes acutitarsus and Ixodes ovatus Parasitizing Giant Panda: Deep Insights into the Comparative Mitogenomic and Phylogenetic Relationship of Ixodidae Species Liu, Jiabin Yu, Jiaojiao Yu, Xiang Bi, Wenlei Yang, Hong Xue, Fei Zhang, Gexiang Zhang, Jindong Yi, Dejiao Ma, Rui Zhou, Yanshan Lan, Guanwei Gu, Jiang Wu, Wei Li, Zusheng Qi, Guilan Genes (Basel) Article Ticks rank second in the world as vectors of disease. Tick infestation is one of the factors threatening the health and survival of giant pandas. Here, we describe the mitogenomes of Ixodes acutitarsus and Ixodes ovatus parasitizing giant pandas, and perform comparative and phylogenetic genomic analyses on the newly sequenced and other available mitogenomes of hard ticks. All six newly determined mitogenomes contain a typical gene component and share an ancient Arthropoda gene arrangement pattern. Our study suggests that I. ovatus is a species complex with high genetic divergence, indicating that different clades of I. ovatus represent distinct species. Comparative mitogenomic analyses show that the average A + T content of Ixodidae mitogenomes is 78.08%, their GC-skews are strongly negative, while AT-skews fluctuate around 0. A large number of microsatellites are detected in Ixodidae mitogenomes, and the main microsatellite motifs are mononucleotide A and trinucleotide AAT. We summarize five gene arrangement types, and identify the trnY-COX1-trnS1-COX2-trnK-ATP8-ATP6-COX3-trnG fragment is the most conserved region, whereas the region near the control region is the rearrangement hotspot in Ixodidae mitogenomes. The phylogenetic trees based on 15 genes provide a very convincing relationship (Ixodes + (Robertsicus + ((Bothriocroton + Haemaphysalis) + (Amblyomma + (Dermacentor + (Rhipicentor + (Hyalomma + Rhipicephalus))))))) with very strong supports. Remarkably, Archaeocroton sphenodonti is embedded in the Haemaphysalis clade with strong supports, resulting in paraphyly of the Haemaphysalis genus, so in-depth morphological and molecular studies are essential to determine the taxonomic status of A. sphenodonti and its closely related species. Our results provide new insights into the molecular phylogeny and evolution of hard ticks, as well as basic data for population genetics assessment and efficient surveillance and control for the giant panda-infesting ticks. MDPI 2022-11-06 /pmc/articles/PMC9691169/ /pubmed/36360286 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes13112049 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Liu, Jiabin
Yu, Jiaojiao
Yu, Xiang
Bi, Wenlei
Yang, Hong
Xue, Fei
Zhang, Gexiang
Zhang, Jindong
Yi, Dejiao
Ma, Rui
Zhou, Yanshan
Lan, Guanwei
Gu, Jiang
Wu, Wei
Li, Zusheng
Qi, Guilan
Complete Mitogenomes of Ticks Ixodes acutitarsus and Ixodes ovatus Parasitizing Giant Panda: Deep Insights into the Comparative Mitogenomic and Phylogenetic Relationship of Ixodidae Species
title Complete Mitogenomes of Ticks Ixodes acutitarsus and Ixodes ovatus Parasitizing Giant Panda: Deep Insights into the Comparative Mitogenomic and Phylogenetic Relationship of Ixodidae Species
title_full Complete Mitogenomes of Ticks Ixodes acutitarsus and Ixodes ovatus Parasitizing Giant Panda: Deep Insights into the Comparative Mitogenomic and Phylogenetic Relationship of Ixodidae Species
title_fullStr Complete Mitogenomes of Ticks Ixodes acutitarsus and Ixodes ovatus Parasitizing Giant Panda: Deep Insights into the Comparative Mitogenomic and Phylogenetic Relationship of Ixodidae Species
title_full_unstemmed Complete Mitogenomes of Ticks Ixodes acutitarsus and Ixodes ovatus Parasitizing Giant Panda: Deep Insights into the Comparative Mitogenomic and Phylogenetic Relationship of Ixodidae Species
title_short Complete Mitogenomes of Ticks Ixodes acutitarsus and Ixodes ovatus Parasitizing Giant Panda: Deep Insights into the Comparative Mitogenomic and Phylogenetic Relationship of Ixodidae Species
title_sort complete mitogenomes of ticks ixodes acutitarsus and ixodes ovatus parasitizing giant panda: deep insights into the comparative mitogenomic and phylogenetic relationship of ixodidae species
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9691169/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36360286
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes13112049
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