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Contrast independent biologically inspired translational optic flow estimation

The visual systems of insects are relatively simple compared to humans. However, they enable navigation through complex environments where insects perform exceptional levels of obstacle avoidance. Biology uses two separable modes of optic flow to achieve this: rapid gaze fixation (rotational motion...

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Autores principales: Skelton, Phillip S. M., Finn, Anthony, Brinkworth, Russell S. A.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Springer Berlin Heidelberg 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9691503/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36303043
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00422-022-00948-3
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author Skelton, Phillip S. M.
Finn, Anthony
Brinkworth, Russell S. A.
author_facet Skelton, Phillip S. M.
Finn, Anthony
Brinkworth, Russell S. A.
author_sort Skelton, Phillip S. M.
collection PubMed
description The visual systems of insects are relatively simple compared to humans. However, they enable navigation through complex environments where insects perform exceptional levels of obstacle avoidance. Biology uses two separable modes of optic flow to achieve this: rapid gaze fixation (rotational motion known as saccades); and the inter-saccadic translational motion. While the fundamental process of insect optic flow has been known since the 1950’s, so too has its dependence on contrast. The surrounding visual pathways used to overcome environmental dependencies are less well known. Previous work has shown promise for low-speed rotational motion estimation, but a gap remained in the estimation of translational motion, in particular the estimation of the time to impact. To consistently estimate the time to impact during inter-saccadic translatory motion, the fundamental limitation of contrast dependence must be overcome. By adapting an elaborated rotational velocity estimator from literature to work for translational motion, this paper proposes a novel algorithm for overcoming the contrast dependence of time to impact estimation using nonlinear spatio-temporal feedforward filtering. By applying bioinspired processes, approximately 15 points per decade of statistical discrimination were achieved when estimating the time to impact to a target across 360 background, distance, and velocity combinations: a 17-fold increase over the fundamental process. These results show the contrast dependence of time to impact estimation can be overcome in a biologically plausible manner. This, combined with previous results for low-speed rotational motion estimation, allows for contrast invariant computational models designed on the principles found in the biological visual system, paving the way for future visually guided systems.
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spelling pubmed-96915032022-11-26 Contrast independent biologically inspired translational optic flow estimation Skelton, Phillip S. M. Finn, Anthony Brinkworth, Russell S. A. Biol Cybern Original Article The visual systems of insects are relatively simple compared to humans. However, they enable navigation through complex environments where insects perform exceptional levels of obstacle avoidance. Biology uses two separable modes of optic flow to achieve this: rapid gaze fixation (rotational motion known as saccades); and the inter-saccadic translational motion. While the fundamental process of insect optic flow has been known since the 1950’s, so too has its dependence on contrast. The surrounding visual pathways used to overcome environmental dependencies are less well known. Previous work has shown promise for low-speed rotational motion estimation, but a gap remained in the estimation of translational motion, in particular the estimation of the time to impact. To consistently estimate the time to impact during inter-saccadic translatory motion, the fundamental limitation of contrast dependence must be overcome. By adapting an elaborated rotational velocity estimator from literature to work for translational motion, this paper proposes a novel algorithm for overcoming the contrast dependence of time to impact estimation using nonlinear spatio-temporal feedforward filtering. By applying bioinspired processes, approximately 15 points per decade of statistical discrimination were achieved when estimating the time to impact to a target across 360 background, distance, and velocity combinations: a 17-fold increase over the fundamental process. These results show the contrast dependence of time to impact estimation can be overcome in a biologically plausible manner. This, combined with previous results for low-speed rotational motion estimation, allows for contrast invariant computational models designed on the principles found in the biological visual system, paving the way for future visually guided systems. Springer Berlin Heidelberg 2022-10-27 2022 /pmc/articles/PMC9691503/ /pubmed/36303043 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00422-022-00948-3 Text en © The Author(s) 2022 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) .
spellingShingle Original Article
Skelton, Phillip S. M.
Finn, Anthony
Brinkworth, Russell S. A.
Contrast independent biologically inspired translational optic flow estimation
title Contrast independent biologically inspired translational optic flow estimation
title_full Contrast independent biologically inspired translational optic flow estimation
title_fullStr Contrast independent biologically inspired translational optic flow estimation
title_full_unstemmed Contrast independent biologically inspired translational optic flow estimation
title_short Contrast independent biologically inspired translational optic flow estimation
title_sort contrast independent biologically inspired translational optic flow estimation
topic Original Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9691503/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36303043
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00422-022-00948-3
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