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Highlighting the trajectory from intrauterine growth restriction to future obesity
During the last decades several lines of evidence reported the association of an adverse intrauterine environment, leading to intrauterine restriction, with future disease, such as obesity and metabolic syndrome, both leading to increased cardiovascular and cancer risk. The underlying explanation fo...
Autores principales: | , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Frontiers Media S.A.
2022
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Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9691665/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36440208 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fendo.2022.1041718 |
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author | Gantenbein, Katherina Vicky Kanaka-Gantenbein, Christina |
author_facet | Gantenbein, Katherina Vicky Kanaka-Gantenbein, Christina |
author_sort | Gantenbein, Katherina Vicky |
collection | PubMed |
description | During the last decades several lines of evidence reported the association of an adverse intrauterine environment, leading to intrauterine restriction, with future disease, such as obesity and metabolic syndrome, both leading to increased cardiovascular and cancer risk. The underlying explanation for this association has firstly been expressed by the Barker’s hypothesis, the “thrifty phenotype hypothesis”. According to this hypothesis, a fetus facing an adverse intrauterine environment adapts to this environment through a reprogramming of its endocrine-metabolic status, during the crucial window of developmental plasticity to save energy for survival, providing less energy and nutrients to the organs that are not essential for survival. This theory evolved to the concept of the developmental origin of health and disease (DOHaD). Thus, in the setting of an adverse, f. ex. protein restricted intrauterine environment, while the energy is mainly directed to the brain, the peripheral organs, f.ex. the muscles and the liver undergo an adaptation that is expressed through insulin resistance. The adaptation at the hepatic level predisposes to future dyslipidemia, the modifications at the vascular level to endothelial damage and future hypertension and, overall, through the insulin resistance to the development of metabolic syndrome. All these adaptations are suggested to take place through epigenetic modifications of the expression of genes without change of their amino-acid sequence. The epigenetic modifications leading to future obesity and cardiovascular risk are thought to induce appetite dysregulation, promoting food intake and adipogenesis, facilitating obesity development. The epigenetic modifications may even persist into the next generation even though the subsequent generation has not been exposed to an adverse intrauterine environment, a notion defined as the “transgenerational transfer of environmental information”. As a consequence, if the increased public health burden and costs of non-communicable chronic diseases such as obesity, hypertension, metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes have to be minimized, special attention should be laid to the healthy lifestyle habits of women of reproductive age, including healthy diet and physical activity to be established long before any pregnancy takes place in order to provide the best conditions for both somatic and mental health of future generations. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9691665 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-96916652022-11-26 Highlighting the trajectory from intrauterine growth restriction to future obesity Gantenbein, Katherina Vicky Kanaka-Gantenbein, Christina Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) Endocrinology During the last decades several lines of evidence reported the association of an adverse intrauterine environment, leading to intrauterine restriction, with future disease, such as obesity and metabolic syndrome, both leading to increased cardiovascular and cancer risk. The underlying explanation for this association has firstly been expressed by the Barker’s hypothesis, the “thrifty phenotype hypothesis”. According to this hypothesis, a fetus facing an adverse intrauterine environment adapts to this environment through a reprogramming of its endocrine-metabolic status, during the crucial window of developmental plasticity to save energy for survival, providing less energy and nutrients to the organs that are not essential for survival. This theory evolved to the concept of the developmental origin of health and disease (DOHaD). Thus, in the setting of an adverse, f. ex. protein restricted intrauterine environment, while the energy is mainly directed to the brain, the peripheral organs, f.ex. the muscles and the liver undergo an adaptation that is expressed through insulin resistance. The adaptation at the hepatic level predisposes to future dyslipidemia, the modifications at the vascular level to endothelial damage and future hypertension and, overall, through the insulin resistance to the development of metabolic syndrome. All these adaptations are suggested to take place through epigenetic modifications of the expression of genes without change of their amino-acid sequence. The epigenetic modifications leading to future obesity and cardiovascular risk are thought to induce appetite dysregulation, promoting food intake and adipogenesis, facilitating obesity development. The epigenetic modifications may even persist into the next generation even though the subsequent generation has not been exposed to an adverse intrauterine environment, a notion defined as the “transgenerational transfer of environmental information”. As a consequence, if the increased public health burden and costs of non-communicable chronic diseases such as obesity, hypertension, metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes have to be minimized, special attention should be laid to the healthy lifestyle habits of women of reproductive age, including healthy diet and physical activity to be established long before any pregnancy takes place in order to provide the best conditions for both somatic and mental health of future generations. Frontiers Media S.A. 2022-11-11 /pmc/articles/PMC9691665/ /pubmed/36440208 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fendo.2022.1041718 Text en Copyright © 2022 Gantenbein and Kanaka-Gantenbein https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. |
spellingShingle | Endocrinology Gantenbein, Katherina Vicky Kanaka-Gantenbein, Christina Highlighting the trajectory from intrauterine growth restriction to future obesity |
title | Highlighting the trajectory from intrauterine growth restriction to future obesity |
title_full | Highlighting the trajectory from intrauterine growth restriction to future obesity |
title_fullStr | Highlighting the trajectory from intrauterine growth restriction to future obesity |
title_full_unstemmed | Highlighting the trajectory from intrauterine growth restriction to future obesity |
title_short | Highlighting the trajectory from intrauterine growth restriction to future obesity |
title_sort | highlighting the trajectory from intrauterine growth restriction to future obesity |
topic | Endocrinology |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9691665/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36440208 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fendo.2022.1041718 |
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