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An Overview of Anthropogenic Actions as Drivers for Emerging and Re-Emerging Zoonotic Diseases

Population growth and industrialization have led to a race for greater food and supply productivity. As a result, the occupation and population of forest areas, contact with wildlife and their respective parasites and vectors, the trafficking and consumption of wildlife, the pollution of water sourc...

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Autores principales: Tazerji, Sina Salajegheh, Nardini, Roberto, Safdar, Muhammad, Shehata, Awad A., Duarte, Phelipe Magalhães
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9692567/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36422627
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pathogens11111376
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author Tazerji, Sina Salajegheh
Nardini, Roberto
Safdar, Muhammad
Shehata, Awad A.
Duarte, Phelipe Magalhães
author_facet Tazerji, Sina Salajegheh
Nardini, Roberto
Safdar, Muhammad
Shehata, Awad A.
Duarte, Phelipe Magalhães
author_sort Tazerji, Sina Salajegheh
collection PubMed
description Population growth and industrialization have led to a race for greater food and supply productivity. As a result, the occupation and population of forest areas, contact with wildlife and their respective parasites and vectors, the trafficking and consumption of wildlife, the pollution of water sources, and the accumulation of waste occur more frequently. Concurrently, the agricultural and livestock production for human consumption has accelerated, often in a disorderly way, leading to the deforestation of areas that are essential for the planet’s climatic and ecological balance. The effects of human actions on other ecosystems such as the marine ecosystem cause equally serious damage, such as the pollution of this habitat, and the reduction of the supply of fish and other animals, causing the coastal population to move to the continent. The sum of these factors leads to an increase in the demands such as housing, basic sanitation, and medical assistance, making these populations underserved and vulnerable to the effects of global warming and to the emergence of emerging and re-emerging diseases. In this article, we discuss the anthropic actions such as climate changes, urbanization, deforestation, the trafficking and eating of wild animals, as well as unsustainable agricultural intensification which are drivers for emerging and re-emerging of zoonotic pathogens such as viral (Ebola virus, hantaviruses, Hendravirus, Nipah virus, rabies, and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus disease-2), bacterial (leptospirosis, Lyme borreliosis, and tuberculosis), parasitic (leishmaniasis) and fungal pathogens, which pose a substantial threat to the global community. Finally, we shed light on the urgent demand for the implementation of the One Health concept as a collaborative global approach to raise awareness and educate people about the science behind and the battle against zoonotic pathogens to mitigate the threat for both humans and animals.
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spelling pubmed-96925672022-11-26 An Overview of Anthropogenic Actions as Drivers for Emerging and Re-Emerging Zoonotic Diseases Tazerji, Sina Salajegheh Nardini, Roberto Safdar, Muhammad Shehata, Awad A. Duarte, Phelipe Magalhães Pathogens Review Population growth and industrialization have led to a race for greater food and supply productivity. As a result, the occupation and population of forest areas, contact with wildlife and their respective parasites and vectors, the trafficking and consumption of wildlife, the pollution of water sources, and the accumulation of waste occur more frequently. Concurrently, the agricultural and livestock production for human consumption has accelerated, often in a disorderly way, leading to the deforestation of areas that are essential for the planet’s climatic and ecological balance. The effects of human actions on other ecosystems such as the marine ecosystem cause equally serious damage, such as the pollution of this habitat, and the reduction of the supply of fish and other animals, causing the coastal population to move to the continent. The sum of these factors leads to an increase in the demands such as housing, basic sanitation, and medical assistance, making these populations underserved and vulnerable to the effects of global warming and to the emergence of emerging and re-emerging diseases. In this article, we discuss the anthropic actions such as climate changes, urbanization, deforestation, the trafficking and eating of wild animals, as well as unsustainable agricultural intensification which are drivers for emerging and re-emerging of zoonotic pathogens such as viral (Ebola virus, hantaviruses, Hendravirus, Nipah virus, rabies, and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus disease-2), bacterial (leptospirosis, Lyme borreliosis, and tuberculosis), parasitic (leishmaniasis) and fungal pathogens, which pose a substantial threat to the global community. Finally, we shed light on the urgent demand for the implementation of the One Health concept as a collaborative global approach to raise awareness and educate people about the science behind and the battle against zoonotic pathogens to mitigate the threat for both humans and animals. MDPI 2022-11-18 /pmc/articles/PMC9692567/ /pubmed/36422627 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pathogens11111376 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Review
Tazerji, Sina Salajegheh
Nardini, Roberto
Safdar, Muhammad
Shehata, Awad A.
Duarte, Phelipe Magalhães
An Overview of Anthropogenic Actions as Drivers for Emerging and Re-Emerging Zoonotic Diseases
title An Overview of Anthropogenic Actions as Drivers for Emerging and Re-Emerging Zoonotic Diseases
title_full An Overview of Anthropogenic Actions as Drivers for Emerging and Re-Emerging Zoonotic Diseases
title_fullStr An Overview of Anthropogenic Actions as Drivers for Emerging and Re-Emerging Zoonotic Diseases
title_full_unstemmed An Overview of Anthropogenic Actions as Drivers for Emerging and Re-Emerging Zoonotic Diseases
title_short An Overview of Anthropogenic Actions as Drivers for Emerging and Re-Emerging Zoonotic Diseases
title_sort overview of anthropogenic actions as drivers for emerging and re-emerging zoonotic diseases
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9692567/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36422627
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pathogens11111376
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