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What’s New in the Diagnosis of Periprosthetic Joint Infections: Focus on Synovial Fluid Biomarkers

Periprosthetic joint infections are some of the leading causes of revision prosthetic surgery, accounting for 25% of failed total knee replacements and 15% of failed total hip replacements. The search for a biomarker that, together with clinical and radiological findings, could improve the managemen...

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Autores principales: Solarino, Giuseppe, Bizzoca, Davide, Moretti, Lorenzo, Vicenti, Giovanni, Piazzolla, Andrea, Moretti, Biagio
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9692966/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36355897
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/tropicalmed7110355
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author Solarino, Giuseppe
Bizzoca, Davide
Moretti, Lorenzo
Vicenti, Giovanni
Piazzolla, Andrea
Moretti, Biagio
author_facet Solarino, Giuseppe
Bizzoca, Davide
Moretti, Lorenzo
Vicenti, Giovanni
Piazzolla, Andrea
Moretti, Biagio
author_sort Solarino, Giuseppe
collection PubMed
description Periprosthetic joint infections are some of the leading causes of revision prosthetic surgery, accounting for 25% of failed total knee replacements and 15% of failed total hip replacements. The search for a biomarker that, together with clinical and radiological findings, could improve the management of such patients is currently a significant challenge for orthopaedic surgeons. Synovial fluid is a viscous and mucinous substance produced by the synovium, a specialized connective tissue that lines diarthrodial joints. Synovial fluid is an ultrafiltrate of plasma but also contains proteins secreted from the surrounding tissues, including the articular cartilage and synovium. Therefore, synovial fluid represents a source of disease-related proteins that could be used as potential biomarkers in several articular diseases. Based on these findings, the study of synovial fluid has been gaining increasing importance in recent years. This review aims to assess the accuracy and the limitations of the most promising synovial fluid biomarkers—i.e., Alpha-Defensin, Leukocyte Esterase, C-Reactive Protein, Interleukin-6, Calprotectin, Presepsin and Neopterin—in the diagnosis of PJI. Special attention will be given to emerging synovial biomarkers, which could soon be important in diagnosing PJIs.
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spelling pubmed-96929662022-11-26 What’s New in the Diagnosis of Periprosthetic Joint Infections: Focus on Synovial Fluid Biomarkers Solarino, Giuseppe Bizzoca, Davide Moretti, Lorenzo Vicenti, Giovanni Piazzolla, Andrea Moretti, Biagio Trop Med Infect Dis Review Periprosthetic joint infections are some of the leading causes of revision prosthetic surgery, accounting for 25% of failed total knee replacements and 15% of failed total hip replacements. The search for a biomarker that, together with clinical and radiological findings, could improve the management of such patients is currently a significant challenge for orthopaedic surgeons. Synovial fluid is a viscous and mucinous substance produced by the synovium, a specialized connective tissue that lines diarthrodial joints. Synovial fluid is an ultrafiltrate of plasma but also contains proteins secreted from the surrounding tissues, including the articular cartilage and synovium. Therefore, synovial fluid represents a source of disease-related proteins that could be used as potential biomarkers in several articular diseases. Based on these findings, the study of synovial fluid has been gaining increasing importance in recent years. This review aims to assess the accuracy and the limitations of the most promising synovial fluid biomarkers—i.e., Alpha-Defensin, Leukocyte Esterase, C-Reactive Protein, Interleukin-6, Calprotectin, Presepsin and Neopterin—in the diagnosis of PJI. Special attention will be given to emerging synovial biomarkers, which could soon be important in diagnosing PJIs. MDPI 2022-11-07 /pmc/articles/PMC9692966/ /pubmed/36355897 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/tropicalmed7110355 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Review
Solarino, Giuseppe
Bizzoca, Davide
Moretti, Lorenzo
Vicenti, Giovanni
Piazzolla, Andrea
Moretti, Biagio
What’s New in the Diagnosis of Periprosthetic Joint Infections: Focus on Synovial Fluid Biomarkers
title What’s New in the Diagnosis of Periprosthetic Joint Infections: Focus on Synovial Fluid Biomarkers
title_full What’s New in the Diagnosis of Periprosthetic Joint Infections: Focus on Synovial Fluid Biomarkers
title_fullStr What’s New in the Diagnosis of Periprosthetic Joint Infections: Focus on Synovial Fluid Biomarkers
title_full_unstemmed What’s New in the Diagnosis of Periprosthetic Joint Infections: Focus on Synovial Fluid Biomarkers
title_short What’s New in the Diagnosis of Periprosthetic Joint Infections: Focus on Synovial Fluid Biomarkers
title_sort what’s new in the diagnosis of periprosthetic joint infections: focus on synovial fluid biomarkers
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9692966/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36355897
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/tropicalmed7110355
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