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On the Application of Calcium Phosphate Micro- and Nanoparticles as Food Additive

The human body needs calcium and phosphate as essential nutrients to grow bones and teeth, but they are also necessary for many other biochemical purposes (e.g., the biosynthesis of phospholipids, adenosine triphosphate, ATP, or DNA). The use of solid calcium phosphate in particle form as a food add...

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Autores principales: Enax, Joachim, Meyer, Frederic, Schulze zur Wiesche, Erik, Epple, Matthias
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9693044/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36432359
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano12224075
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author Enax, Joachim
Meyer, Frederic
Schulze zur Wiesche, Erik
Epple, Matthias
author_facet Enax, Joachim
Meyer, Frederic
Schulze zur Wiesche, Erik
Epple, Matthias
author_sort Enax, Joachim
collection PubMed
description The human body needs calcium and phosphate as essential nutrients to grow bones and teeth, but they are also necessary for many other biochemical purposes (e.g., the biosynthesis of phospholipids, adenosine triphosphate, ATP, or DNA). The use of solid calcium phosphate in particle form as a food additive is reviewed and discussed in terms of bioavailability and its safety after ingestion. The fact that all calcium phosphates, such as hydroxyapatite and tricalcium phosphate, are soluble in the acidic environment of the stomach, regardless of the particle size or phase, means that they are present as dissolved ions after passing through the stomach. These dissolved ions cannot be distinguished from a mixture of calcium and phosphate ions that were ingested separately, e.g., from cheese or milk together with soft drinks or meat. Milk, including human breast milk, is a natural source of calcium and phosphate in which calcium phosphate is present as nanoscopic clusters (nanoparticles) inside casein (protein) micelles. It is concluded that calcium phosphates are generally safe as food additives, also in baby formula.
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spelling pubmed-96930442022-11-26 On the Application of Calcium Phosphate Micro- and Nanoparticles as Food Additive Enax, Joachim Meyer, Frederic Schulze zur Wiesche, Erik Epple, Matthias Nanomaterials (Basel) Review The human body needs calcium and phosphate as essential nutrients to grow bones and teeth, but they are also necessary for many other biochemical purposes (e.g., the biosynthesis of phospholipids, adenosine triphosphate, ATP, or DNA). The use of solid calcium phosphate in particle form as a food additive is reviewed and discussed in terms of bioavailability and its safety after ingestion. The fact that all calcium phosphates, such as hydroxyapatite and tricalcium phosphate, are soluble in the acidic environment of the stomach, regardless of the particle size or phase, means that they are present as dissolved ions after passing through the stomach. These dissolved ions cannot be distinguished from a mixture of calcium and phosphate ions that were ingested separately, e.g., from cheese or milk together with soft drinks or meat. Milk, including human breast milk, is a natural source of calcium and phosphate in which calcium phosphate is present as nanoscopic clusters (nanoparticles) inside casein (protein) micelles. It is concluded that calcium phosphates are generally safe as food additives, also in baby formula. MDPI 2022-11-19 /pmc/articles/PMC9693044/ /pubmed/36432359 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano12224075 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Review
Enax, Joachim
Meyer, Frederic
Schulze zur Wiesche, Erik
Epple, Matthias
On the Application of Calcium Phosphate Micro- and Nanoparticles as Food Additive
title On the Application of Calcium Phosphate Micro- and Nanoparticles as Food Additive
title_full On the Application of Calcium Phosphate Micro- and Nanoparticles as Food Additive
title_fullStr On the Application of Calcium Phosphate Micro- and Nanoparticles as Food Additive
title_full_unstemmed On the Application of Calcium Phosphate Micro- and Nanoparticles as Food Additive
title_short On the Application of Calcium Phosphate Micro- and Nanoparticles as Food Additive
title_sort on the application of calcium phosphate micro- and nanoparticles as food additive
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9693044/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36432359
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano12224075
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