Evolution of Pollution Levels from COVID-19 Lockdown to Post-Lockdown over India

The spread of the COVID-19 pandemic forced the administration to lock down in many countries globally to stop the spread. As the lockdown phase had only the emergency use of transportation and most of the industries were shut down, there was an apparent reduction in pollution. With the end of the lockdown period, pollution is returning to its regular emission in most places. Though the background was abnormally low in emissions (during the lockdown phase) and the reduced pollution changed the radiation balance in the northern hemispheric summer period, a modified pollution pattern is possible during the unlock phases of 2020. The present study analysed the unlock 1 and 2 stages (June–July) of the COVID-19 lockdown over India. The rainfall, surface temperature and cloud cover anomalies of 2020 for understanding the differences in pollutants variation were also analysed. The unlock phases show remarkable differences in trends and mean variations of pollutants over the Indian region compared to climatological variations. The results indicated changing high-emission regions over India to climatological variations and identified an AOD dipole with future emissions over India.