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Lipid Serum Profiling of Boar-Tainted and Untainted Pigs Using GC×GC–TOFMS: An Exploratory Study
Mass spectrometry (MS)-based techniques, including liquid chromatography coupling, shotgun lipidomics, MS imaging, and ion mobility, are widely used to analyze lipids. However, with enhanced separation capacity and an optimized chemical derivatization approach, comprehensive two-dimensional gas chro...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2022
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9693814/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36422251 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/metabo12111111 |
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author | Bhatt, Kinjal Dejong, Thibaut Dubois, Lena M. Markey, Alice Gengler, Nicolas Wavreille, José Stefanuto, Pierre-Hugues Focant, Jean-François |
author_facet | Bhatt, Kinjal Dejong, Thibaut Dubois, Lena M. Markey, Alice Gengler, Nicolas Wavreille, José Stefanuto, Pierre-Hugues Focant, Jean-François |
author_sort | Bhatt, Kinjal |
collection | PubMed |
description | Mass spectrometry (MS)-based techniques, including liquid chromatography coupling, shotgun lipidomics, MS imaging, and ion mobility, are widely used to analyze lipids. However, with enhanced separation capacity and an optimized chemical derivatization approach, comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography (GC×GC) can be a powerful tool to investigate some groups of small lipids in the framework of lipidomics. This study describes the optimization of a dedicated two-stage derivatization and extraction process to analyze different saturated and unsaturated fatty acids in plasma by two-dimensional gas chromatography–time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC×GC–TOFMS) using a full factorial design. The optimized condition has a composite desirability of 0.9159. This optimized sample preparation and chromatographic condition were implemented to differentiate between positive (BT) and negative (UT) boar-tainted pigs based on fatty acid profiling in pig serum using GC×GC–TOFMS. A chemometric screening, including unsupervised (PCA, HCA) and supervised analysis (PLS–DA), as well as univariate analysis (volcano plot), was performed. The results suggested that the concentration of PUFA ω-6 and cholesterol derivatives were significantly increased in BT pigs, whereas SFA and PUFA ω-3 concentrations were increased in UT pigs. The metabolic pathway and quantitative enrichment analysis suggest the significant involvement of linolenic acid metabolism. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9693814 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-96938142022-11-26 Lipid Serum Profiling of Boar-Tainted and Untainted Pigs Using GC×GC–TOFMS: An Exploratory Study Bhatt, Kinjal Dejong, Thibaut Dubois, Lena M. Markey, Alice Gengler, Nicolas Wavreille, José Stefanuto, Pierre-Hugues Focant, Jean-François Metabolites Article Mass spectrometry (MS)-based techniques, including liquid chromatography coupling, shotgun lipidomics, MS imaging, and ion mobility, are widely used to analyze lipids. However, with enhanced separation capacity and an optimized chemical derivatization approach, comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography (GC×GC) can be a powerful tool to investigate some groups of small lipids in the framework of lipidomics. This study describes the optimization of a dedicated two-stage derivatization and extraction process to analyze different saturated and unsaturated fatty acids in plasma by two-dimensional gas chromatography–time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC×GC–TOFMS) using a full factorial design. The optimized condition has a composite desirability of 0.9159. This optimized sample preparation and chromatographic condition were implemented to differentiate between positive (BT) and negative (UT) boar-tainted pigs based on fatty acid profiling in pig serum using GC×GC–TOFMS. A chemometric screening, including unsupervised (PCA, HCA) and supervised analysis (PLS–DA), as well as univariate analysis (volcano plot), was performed. The results suggested that the concentration of PUFA ω-6 and cholesterol derivatives were significantly increased in BT pigs, whereas SFA and PUFA ω-3 concentrations were increased in UT pigs. The metabolic pathway and quantitative enrichment analysis suggest the significant involvement of linolenic acid metabolism. MDPI 2022-11-15 /pmc/articles/PMC9693814/ /pubmed/36422251 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/metabo12111111 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Bhatt, Kinjal Dejong, Thibaut Dubois, Lena M. Markey, Alice Gengler, Nicolas Wavreille, José Stefanuto, Pierre-Hugues Focant, Jean-François Lipid Serum Profiling of Boar-Tainted and Untainted Pigs Using GC×GC–TOFMS: An Exploratory Study |
title | Lipid Serum Profiling of Boar-Tainted and Untainted Pigs Using GC×GC–TOFMS: An Exploratory Study |
title_full | Lipid Serum Profiling of Boar-Tainted and Untainted Pigs Using GC×GC–TOFMS: An Exploratory Study |
title_fullStr | Lipid Serum Profiling of Boar-Tainted and Untainted Pigs Using GC×GC–TOFMS: An Exploratory Study |
title_full_unstemmed | Lipid Serum Profiling of Boar-Tainted and Untainted Pigs Using GC×GC–TOFMS: An Exploratory Study |
title_short | Lipid Serum Profiling of Boar-Tainted and Untainted Pigs Using GC×GC–TOFMS: An Exploratory Study |
title_sort | lipid serum profiling of boar-tainted and untainted pigs using gc×gc–tofms: an exploratory study |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9693814/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36422251 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/metabo12111111 |
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