The Effectiveness of Negative Pressure Therapy: Nursing Approach

Introduction: Complex wounds require advanced techniques for their management and care. Wound care costs are high, so healthcare professionals need to be aware of available therapies. Negative pressure therapy is a technology for which more and more data on its effectiveness in complex wounds are being collected. Objective: The objectives of this review were to analyze if the application of negative pressure therapy in complex wounds is effective; to compare the effectiveness of negative pressure therapy with other conventional treatments, as well as its combination with other therapies; and to evaluate the quality of life of patients undergoing negative pressure therapy and collect their main characteristics. Methodology: A bibliographic review focused on articles published between November 2015 and June 2022 was carried out. The following databases were consulted: PubMed (Medline), Google Scholar, Web of Science (WOS), Scielo and Scopus. Results: The most used pressures in the studies coincide at −125 mmHg and in the range of −125 mmHg to −150 mmHg. In the pediatric population, pressure levels vary by age group. A pressure of −75 to −125 mmHg is recommended for children over 12 years of age, and −50 to −75 mmHg is recommended for children under 2 years of age. Conclusions: Negative pressure therapy stands out for its rapid rate of granulation, the prevention and effective treatment of infections, the variety and malleability of dressings, its various applications and the possibility of using it with other therapies to accelerate wound closure.