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Characterizing Longitudinal Antibody Responses in Recovered Individuals Following COVID-19 Infection and Single-Dose Vaccination: A Prospective Cohort Study
Background: Investigating antibody titers in individuals who have been both naturally infected with SARS-CoV-2 and vaccinated can provide insight into antibody dynamics and correlates of protection over time. Methods: Human coronavirus (HCoV) IgG antibodies were measured longitudinally in a prospect...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2022
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9694471/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36366515 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v14112416 |
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author | Olmstead, Andrea D. Nikiforuk, Aidan M. Schwartz, Sydney Márquez, Ana Citlali Valadbeigy, Tahereh Flores, Eri Saran, Monika Goldfarb, David M. Hayden, Althea Masud, Shazia Russell, Shannon L. Prystajecky, Natalie Jassem, Agatha N. Morshed, Muhammad Sekirov, Inna |
author_facet | Olmstead, Andrea D. Nikiforuk, Aidan M. Schwartz, Sydney Márquez, Ana Citlali Valadbeigy, Tahereh Flores, Eri Saran, Monika Goldfarb, David M. Hayden, Althea Masud, Shazia Russell, Shannon L. Prystajecky, Natalie Jassem, Agatha N. Morshed, Muhammad Sekirov, Inna |
author_sort | Olmstead, Andrea D. |
collection | PubMed |
description | Background: Investigating antibody titers in individuals who have been both naturally infected with SARS-CoV-2 and vaccinated can provide insight into antibody dynamics and correlates of protection over time. Methods: Human coronavirus (HCoV) IgG antibodies were measured longitudinally in a prospective cohort of qPCR-confirmed, COVID-19 recovered individuals (k = 57) in British Columbia pre- and post-vaccination. SARS-CoV-2 and endemic HCoV antibodies were measured in serum collected between Nov. 2020 and Sept. 2021 (n = 341). Primary analysis used a linear mixed-effects model to understand the effect of single dose vaccination on antibody concentrations adjusting for biological sex, age, time from infection and vaccination. Secondary analysis investigated the cumulative incidence of high SARS-CoV-2 anti-spike IgG seroreactivity equal to or greater than 5.5 log10 AU/mL up to 105 days post-vaccination. No re-infections were detected in vaccinated participants, post-vaccination by qPCR performed on self-collected nasopharyngeal specimens. Results: Bivariate analysis (complete data for 42 participants, 270 samples over 472 days) found SARS-CoV-2 spike and RBD antibodies increased 14–56 days post-vaccination (p < 0.001) and vaccination prevented waning (regression coefficient, B = 1.66 [95%CI: 1.45–3.46]); while decline of nucleocapsid antibodies over time was observed (regression coefficient, B = −0.24 [95%CI: −1.2-(−0.12)]). A positive association was found between COVID-19 vaccination and endemic human β-coronavirus IgG titer 14–56 days post vaccination (OC43, p = 0.02 & HKU1, p = 0.02). On average, SARS-CoV-2 anti-spike IgG concentration increased in participants who received one vaccine dose by 2.06 log10 AU/mL (95%CI: 1.45–3.46) adjusting for age, biological sex, and time since infection. Cumulative incidence of high SARS-CoV-2 spike antibodies (>5.5 log10 AU/mL) was 83% greater in vaccinated compared to unvaccinated individuals. Conclusions: Our study confirms that vaccination post-SARS-CoV-2 infection provides multiple benefits, such as increasing anti-spike IgG titers and preventing decay up to 85 days post-vaccination. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9694471 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-96944712022-11-26 Characterizing Longitudinal Antibody Responses in Recovered Individuals Following COVID-19 Infection and Single-Dose Vaccination: A Prospective Cohort Study Olmstead, Andrea D. Nikiforuk, Aidan M. Schwartz, Sydney Márquez, Ana Citlali Valadbeigy, Tahereh Flores, Eri Saran, Monika Goldfarb, David M. Hayden, Althea Masud, Shazia Russell, Shannon L. Prystajecky, Natalie Jassem, Agatha N. Morshed, Muhammad Sekirov, Inna Viruses Article Background: Investigating antibody titers in individuals who have been both naturally infected with SARS-CoV-2 and vaccinated can provide insight into antibody dynamics and correlates of protection over time. Methods: Human coronavirus (HCoV) IgG antibodies were measured longitudinally in a prospective cohort of qPCR-confirmed, COVID-19 recovered individuals (k = 57) in British Columbia pre- and post-vaccination. SARS-CoV-2 and endemic HCoV antibodies were measured in serum collected between Nov. 2020 and Sept. 2021 (n = 341). Primary analysis used a linear mixed-effects model to understand the effect of single dose vaccination on antibody concentrations adjusting for biological sex, age, time from infection and vaccination. Secondary analysis investigated the cumulative incidence of high SARS-CoV-2 anti-spike IgG seroreactivity equal to or greater than 5.5 log10 AU/mL up to 105 days post-vaccination. No re-infections were detected in vaccinated participants, post-vaccination by qPCR performed on self-collected nasopharyngeal specimens. Results: Bivariate analysis (complete data for 42 participants, 270 samples over 472 days) found SARS-CoV-2 spike and RBD antibodies increased 14–56 days post-vaccination (p < 0.001) and vaccination prevented waning (regression coefficient, B = 1.66 [95%CI: 1.45–3.46]); while decline of nucleocapsid antibodies over time was observed (regression coefficient, B = −0.24 [95%CI: −1.2-(−0.12)]). A positive association was found between COVID-19 vaccination and endemic human β-coronavirus IgG titer 14–56 days post vaccination (OC43, p = 0.02 & HKU1, p = 0.02). On average, SARS-CoV-2 anti-spike IgG concentration increased in participants who received one vaccine dose by 2.06 log10 AU/mL (95%CI: 1.45–3.46) adjusting for age, biological sex, and time since infection. Cumulative incidence of high SARS-CoV-2 spike antibodies (>5.5 log10 AU/mL) was 83% greater in vaccinated compared to unvaccinated individuals. Conclusions: Our study confirms that vaccination post-SARS-CoV-2 infection provides multiple benefits, such as increasing anti-spike IgG titers and preventing decay up to 85 days post-vaccination. MDPI 2022-10-31 /pmc/articles/PMC9694471/ /pubmed/36366515 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v14112416 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Olmstead, Andrea D. Nikiforuk, Aidan M. Schwartz, Sydney Márquez, Ana Citlali Valadbeigy, Tahereh Flores, Eri Saran, Monika Goldfarb, David M. Hayden, Althea Masud, Shazia Russell, Shannon L. Prystajecky, Natalie Jassem, Agatha N. Morshed, Muhammad Sekirov, Inna Characterizing Longitudinal Antibody Responses in Recovered Individuals Following COVID-19 Infection and Single-Dose Vaccination: A Prospective Cohort Study |
title | Characterizing Longitudinal Antibody Responses in Recovered Individuals Following COVID-19 Infection and Single-Dose Vaccination: A Prospective Cohort Study |
title_full | Characterizing Longitudinal Antibody Responses in Recovered Individuals Following COVID-19 Infection and Single-Dose Vaccination: A Prospective Cohort Study |
title_fullStr | Characterizing Longitudinal Antibody Responses in Recovered Individuals Following COVID-19 Infection and Single-Dose Vaccination: A Prospective Cohort Study |
title_full_unstemmed | Characterizing Longitudinal Antibody Responses in Recovered Individuals Following COVID-19 Infection and Single-Dose Vaccination: A Prospective Cohort Study |
title_short | Characterizing Longitudinal Antibody Responses in Recovered Individuals Following COVID-19 Infection and Single-Dose Vaccination: A Prospective Cohort Study |
title_sort | characterizing longitudinal antibody responses in recovered individuals following covid-19 infection and single-dose vaccination: a prospective cohort study |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9694471/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36366515 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v14112416 |
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