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Assessment of Seasonal Stochastic Local Models for Glucose Prediction without Meal Size Information under Free-Living Conditions
Accurate blood glucose (BG) forecasting is key in diabetes management, as it allows preventive actions to mitigate harmful hypoglycemic/hyperglycemic episodes. Considering the encouraging results obtained by seasonal stochastic models in proof-of-concept studies, this work assesses the methodology i...
Autores principales: | , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2022
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9694694/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36433278 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22228682 |
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author | Prendin, Francesco Díez, José-Luis Del Favero, Simone Sparacino, Giovanni Facchinetti, Andrea Bondia, Jorge |
author_facet | Prendin, Francesco Díez, José-Luis Del Favero, Simone Sparacino, Giovanni Facchinetti, Andrea Bondia, Jorge |
author_sort | Prendin, Francesco |
collection | PubMed |
description | Accurate blood glucose (BG) forecasting is key in diabetes management, as it allows preventive actions to mitigate harmful hypoglycemic/hyperglycemic episodes. Considering the encouraging results obtained by seasonal stochastic models in proof-of-concept studies, this work assesses the methodology in two datasets (open-loop and closed-loop) recorded in free-living conditions. First, similar postprandial glycemic profiles are grouped together with fuzzy C-means clustering. Then, a seasonal stochastic model is identified for each cluster. Finally, real-time BG forecasting is performed by weighting each model’s prediction. The proposed methodology (named C-SARIMA) is compared to other linear and nonlinear black-box methods: autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA), its variant with input (ARIMAX), a feed-forward neural network (NN), and its modified version (NN-X) fed by BG, insulin, and carbohydrates (timing and dosing) information for several prediction horizons (PHs). In the open-loop dataset, C-SARIMA grants a median root-mean-squared error (RMSE) of 20.13 mg/dL (PH = 30) and 27.23 mg/dL (PH = 45), not significantly different from ARIMA and NN. Over a longer PH, C-SARIMA achieves an RMSE = 31.96 mg/dL (PH = 60) and RMSE = 33.91 mg/dL (PH = 75), significantly outperforming the ARIMA and NN, without significant differences from the ARIMAX for PH ≥ 45 and the NN-X for PH ≥ 60. Similar results hold on the closed-loop dataset: for PH = 30 and 45 min, the C-SARIMA achieves an RMSE = 21.63 mg/dL and RMSE = 29.67 mg/dL, not significantly different from the ARIMA and NN. On longer PH, the C-SARIMA outperforms the ARIMA for PH > 45 and the NN for PH > 60 without significant differences from the ARIMAX for PH ≥ 45. Although using less input information, the C-SARIMA achieves similar performance to other prediction methods such as the ARIMAX and NN-X and outperforming the CGM-only approaches on PH > 45min. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9694694 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-96946942022-11-26 Assessment of Seasonal Stochastic Local Models for Glucose Prediction without Meal Size Information under Free-Living Conditions Prendin, Francesco Díez, José-Luis Del Favero, Simone Sparacino, Giovanni Facchinetti, Andrea Bondia, Jorge Sensors (Basel) Article Accurate blood glucose (BG) forecasting is key in diabetes management, as it allows preventive actions to mitigate harmful hypoglycemic/hyperglycemic episodes. Considering the encouraging results obtained by seasonal stochastic models in proof-of-concept studies, this work assesses the methodology in two datasets (open-loop and closed-loop) recorded in free-living conditions. First, similar postprandial glycemic profiles are grouped together with fuzzy C-means clustering. Then, a seasonal stochastic model is identified for each cluster. Finally, real-time BG forecasting is performed by weighting each model’s prediction. The proposed methodology (named C-SARIMA) is compared to other linear and nonlinear black-box methods: autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA), its variant with input (ARIMAX), a feed-forward neural network (NN), and its modified version (NN-X) fed by BG, insulin, and carbohydrates (timing and dosing) information for several prediction horizons (PHs). In the open-loop dataset, C-SARIMA grants a median root-mean-squared error (RMSE) of 20.13 mg/dL (PH = 30) and 27.23 mg/dL (PH = 45), not significantly different from ARIMA and NN. Over a longer PH, C-SARIMA achieves an RMSE = 31.96 mg/dL (PH = 60) and RMSE = 33.91 mg/dL (PH = 75), significantly outperforming the ARIMA and NN, without significant differences from the ARIMAX for PH ≥ 45 and the NN-X for PH ≥ 60. Similar results hold on the closed-loop dataset: for PH = 30 and 45 min, the C-SARIMA achieves an RMSE = 21.63 mg/dL and RMSE = 29.67 mg/dL, not significantly different from the ARIMA and NN. On longer PH, the C-SARIMA outperforms the ARIMA for PH > 45 and the NN for PH > 60 without significant differences from the ARIMAX for PH ≥ 45. Although using less input information, the C-SARIMA achieves similar performance to other prediction methods such as the ARIMAX and NN-X and outperforming the CGM-only approaches on PH > 45min. MDPI 2022-11-10 /pmc/articles/PMC9694694/ /pubmed/36433278 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22228682 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Prendin, Francesco Díez, José-Luis Del Favero, Simone Sparacino, Giovanni Facchinetti, Andrea Bondia, Jorge Assessment of Seasonal Stochastic Local Models for Glucose Prediction without Meal Size Information under Free-Living Conditions |
title | Assessment of Seasonal Stochastic Local Models for Glucose Prediction without Meal Size Information under Free-Living Conditions |
title_full | Assessment of Seasonal Stochastic Local Models for Glucose Prediction without Meal Size Information under Free-Living Conditions |
title_fullStr | Assessment of Seasonal Stochastic Local Models for Glucose Prediction without Meal Size Information under Free-Living Conditions |
title_full_unstemmed | Assessment of Seasonal Stochastic Local Models for Glucose Prediction without Meal Size Information under Free-Living Conditions |
title_short | Assessment of Seasonal Stochastic Local Models for Glucose Prediction without Meal Size Information under Free-Living Conditions |
title_sort | assessment of seasonal stochastic local models for glucose prediction without meal size information under free-living conditions |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9694694/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36433278 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22228682 |
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