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Recycling of EPDM via Continuous Thermo-Mechanical Devulcanization with Co-Rotating Twin-Screw Extruder

Devulcanization represents the recycling of choice for a homogenous rubber waste stream because it allows revulcanization of samples previously devulcanized, making the life of the rubber virtually endless, according to the principles of circular economy. Among the many devulcanization processes, th...

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Autores principales: Brunella, Valentina, Aresti, Veronica, Romagnolli, Umberto, Muscato, Bruno, Girotto, Marco, Rizzi, Paola, Luda, Maria Paola
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9694727/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36432979
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14224853
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author Brunella, Valentina
Aresti, Veronica
Romagnolli, Umberto
Muscato, Bruno
Girotto, Marco
Rizzi, Paola
Luda, Maria Paola
author_facet Brunella, Valentina
Aresti, Veronica
Romagnolli, Umberto
Muscato, Bruno
Girotto, Marco
Rizzi, Paola
Luda, Maria Paola
author_sort Brunella, Valentina
collection PubMed
description Devulcanization represents the recycling of choice for a homogenous rubber waste stream because it allows revulcanization of samples previously devulcanized, making the life of the rubber virtually endless, according to the principles of circular economy. Among the many devulcanization processes, the thermo-mechanical one is the most appealing because it is a continuous process, easy to be industrialized. In this paper a comprehensive set of analyses (FTIR, TGA, DSC, elemental analyses, Py-GC/MS, swelling tests) were carried out on a post-industrial ethylene propylene diene monomer (EPDM), thermo-mechanical devulcanized in a co-rotating twin-screw extruder with different process parameters (thermal and screw profile, rpm). Results of the swelling test according to the Flory–Rehner theory and Horikx analyses show that the higher the thermal profile and the higher the rpm, the higher is the percentage of devulcanization. The quality of the devulcanized sample in terms of sol fraction and percentage of random scissions depends on the process conditions. The screw profile concurs to the efficiency of the devulcanization: the different number of kneading elements and more in general the screw profile composition affects the percentage of devulcanization, making the results in some tests more dependent on the screw speed.
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spelling pubmed-96947272022-11-26 Recycling of EPDM via Continuous Thermo-Mechanical Devulcanization with Co-Rotating Twin-Screw Extruder Brunella, Valentina Aresti, Veronica Romagnolli, Umberto Muscato, Bruno Girotto, Marco Rizzi, Paola Luda, Maria Paola Polymers (Basel) Article Devulcanization represents the recycling of choice for a homogenous rubber waste stream because it allows revulcanization of samples previously devulcanized, making the life of the rubber virtually endless, according to the principles of circular economy. Among the many devulcanization processes, the thermo-mechanical one is the most appealing because it is a continuous process, easy to be industrialized. In this paper a comprehensive set of analyses (FTIR, TGA, DSC, elemental analyses, Py-GC/MS, swelling tests) were carried out on a post-industrial ethylene propylene diene monomer (EPDM), thermo-mechanical devulcanized in a co-rotating twin-screw extruder with different process parameters (thermal and screw profile, rpm). Results of the swelling test according to the Flory–Rehner theory and Horikx analyses show that the higher the thermal profile and the higher the rpm, the higher is the percentage of devulcanization. The quality of the devulcanized sample in terms of sol fraction and percentage of random scissions depends on the process conditions. The screw profile concurs to the efficiency of the devulcanization: the different number of kneading elements and more in general the screw profile composition affects the percentage of devulcanization, making the results in some tests more dependent on the screw speed. MDPI 2022-11-11 /pmc/articles/PMC9694727/ /pubmed/36432979 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14224853 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Brunella, Valentina
Aresti, Veronica
Romagnolli, Umberto
Muscato, Bruno
Girotto, Marco
Rizzi, Paola
Luda, Maria Paola
Recycling of EPDM via Continuous Thermo-Mechanical Devulcanization with Co-Rotating Twin-Screw Extruder
title Recycling of EPDM via Continuous Thermo-Mechanical Devulcanization with Co-Rotating Twin-Screw Extruder
title_full Recycling of EPDM via Continuous Thermo-Mechanical Devulcanization with Co-Rotating Twin-Screw Extruder
title_fullStr Recycling of EPDM via Continuous Thermo-Mechanical Devulcanization with Co-Rotating Twin-Screw Extruder
title_full_unstemmed Recycling of EPDM via Continuous Thermo-Mechanical Devulcanization with Co-Rotating Twin-Screw Extruder
title_short Recycling of EPDM via Continuous Thermo-Mechanical Devulcanization with Co-Rotating Twin-Screw Extruder
title_sort recycling of epdm via continuous thermo-mechanical devulcanization with co-rotating twin-screw extruder
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9694727/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36432979
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14224853
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