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Recycling of EPDM via Continuous Thermo-Mechanical Devulcanization with Co-Rotating Twin-Screw Extruder
Devulcanization represents the recycling of choice for a homogenous rubber waste stream because it allows revulcanization of samples previously devulcanized, making the life of the rubber virtually endless, according to the principles of circular economy. Among the many devulcanization processes, th...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2022
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9694727/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36432979 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14224853 |
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author | Brunella, Valentina Aresti, Veronica Romagnolli, Umberto Muscato, Bruno Girotto, Marco Rizzi, Paola Luda, Maria Paola |
author_facet | Brunella, Valentina Aresti, Veronica Romagnolli, Umberto Muscato, Bruno Girotto, Marco Rizzi, Paola Luda, Maria Paola |
author_sort | Brunella, Valentina |
collection | PubMed |
description | Devulcanization represents the recycling of choice for a homogenous rubber waste stream because it allows revulcanization of samples previously devulcanized, making the life of the rubber virtually endless, according to the principles of circular economy. Among the many devulcanization processes, the thermo-mechanical one is the most appealing because it is a continuous process, easy to be industrialized. In this paper a comprehensive set of analyses (FTIR, TGA, DSC, elemental analyses, Py-GC/MS, swelling tests) were carried out on a post-industrial ethylene propylene diene monomer (EPDM), thermo-mechanical devulcanized in a co-rotating twin-screw extruder with different process parameters (thermal and screw profile, rpm). Results of the swelling test according to the Flory–Rehner theory and Horikx analyses show that the higher the thermal profile and the higher the rpm, the higher is the percentage of devulcanization. The quality of the devulcanized sample in terms of sol fraction and percentage of random scissions depends on the process conditions. The screw profile concurs to the efficiency of the devulcanization: the different number of kneading elements and more in general the screw profile composition affects the percentage of devulcanization, making the results in some tests more dependent on the screw speed. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9694727 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-96947272022-11-26 Recycling of EPDM via Continuous Thermo-Mechanical Devulcanization with Co-Rotating Twin-Screw Extruder Brunella, Valentina Aresti, Veronica Romagnolli, Umberto Muscato, Bruno Girotto, Marco Rizzi, Paola Luda, Maria Paola Polymers (Basel) Article Devulcanization represents the recycling of choice for a homogenous rubber waste stream because it allows revulcanization of samples previously devulcanized, making the life of the rubber virtually endless, according to the principles of circular economy. Among the many devulcanization processes, the thermo-mechanical one is the most appealing because it is a continuous process, easy to be industrialized. In this paper a comprehensive set of analyses (FTIR, TGA, DSC, elemental analyses, Py-GC/MS, swelling tests) were carried out on a post-industrial ethylene propylene diene monomer (EPDM), thermo-mechanical devulcanized in a co-rotating twin-screw extruder with different process parameters (thermal and screw profile, rpm). Results of the swelling test according to the Flory–Rehner theory and Horikx analyses show that the higher the thermal profile and the higher the rpm, the higher is the percentage of devulcanization. The quality of the devulcanized sample in terms of sol fraction and percentage of random scissions depends on the process conditions. The screw profile concurs to the efficiency of the devulcanization: the different number of kneading elements and more in general the screw profile composition affects the percentage of devulcanization, making the results in some tests more dependent on the screw speed. MDPI 2022-11-11 /pmc/articles/PMC9694727/ /pubmed/36432979 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14224853 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Brunella, Valentina Aresti, Veronica Romagnolli, Umberto Muscato, Bruno Girotto, Marco Rizzi, Paola Luda, Maria Paola Recycling of EPDM via Continuous Thermo-Mechanical Devulcanization with Co-Rotating Twin-Screw Extruder |
title | Recycling of EPDM via Continuous Thermo-Mechanical Devulcanization with Co-Rotating Twin-Screw Extruder |
title_full | Recycling of EPDM via Continuous Thermo-Mechanical Devulcanization with Co-Rotating Twin-Screw Extruder |
title_fullStr | Recycling of EPDM via Continuous Thermo-Mechanical Devulcanization with Co-Rotating Twin-Screw Extruder |
title_full_unstemmed | Recycling of EPDM via Continuous Thermo-Mechanical Devulcanization with Co-Rotating Twin-Screw Extruder |
title_short | Recycling of EPDM via Continuous Thermo-Mechanical Devulcanization with Co-Rotating Twin-Screw Extruder |
title_sort | recycling of epdm via continuous thermo-mechanical devulcanization with co-rotating twin-screw extruder |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9694727/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36432979 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14224853 |
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