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Antimicrobial Applications of Green Synthesized Bimetallic Nanoparticles from Ocimum basilicum

Antibiotic resistance is an important and emerging alarm for public health that requires development of new potential antibacterial strategies. In recent years, nanoscale materials have emerged as an alternative way to fight pathogens. Many researchers have shown great interest in nanoparticles (NPs...

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Autores principales: More, Pragati Rajendra, Zannella, Carla, Folliero, Veronica, Foglia, Francesco, Troisi, Romualdo, Vergara, Alessandro, Franci, Gianluigi, De Filippis, Anna, Galdiero, Massimiliano
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9695082/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36432648
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics14112457
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author More, Pragati Rajendra
Zannella, Carla
Folliero, Veronica
Foglia, Francesco
Troisi, Romualdo
Vergara, Alessandro
Franci, Gianluigi
De Filippis, Anna
Galdiero, Massimiliano
author_facet More, Pragati Rajendra
Zannella, Carla
Folliero, Veronica
Foglia, Francesco
Troisi, Romualdo
Vergara, Alessandro
Franci, Gianluigi
De Filippis, Anna
Galdiero, Massimiliano
author_sort More, Pragati Rajendra
collection PubMed
description Antibiotic resistance is an important and emerging alarm for public health that requires development of new potential antibacterial strategies. In recent years, nanoscale materials have emerged as an alternative way to fight pathogens. Many researchers have shown great interest in nanoparticles (NPs) using noble metals, such as silver, gold, and platinum, even though numerous nanomaterials have shown toxicity. To overcome the problem of toxicity, nanotechnology merged with green chemistry to synthesize nature-friendly nanoparticles from plants. Here, we describe the synthesis of NPs using silver (AgNPs) and platinum (PtNPs) alone or in combination (AgPtNPs) in the presence of Ocimum basilicum (O. basilicum) leaf extract. O. basilicum is a well-known medicinal plant with antibacterial compounds. A preliminary chemical–physical characterization of the extract was conducted. The size, shape and elemental analysis were carried out using UV–Visible spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering (DLS), and zeta potential. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) confirmed polydisperse NPs with spherical shape. The size of the particles was approximately 59 nm, confirmed by DLS analysis, and the polydisperse index was 0.159. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) demonstrated an effective and selective capping of the phytoconstituents on the NPs. The cytotoxic activities of AgNPs, PtNPs and AgPtNPs were assessed on different epithelial cell models, using the 3-[4.5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2.5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) cell proliferation assay, and discovered low toxicity, with a cell viability of 80%. The antibacterial potential of the NPs was evaluated against Escherichia coli (E. coli), Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis), Klebsiella pneumonia (K. pneumoniae), and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) strains. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) assays showed AgPtNP activity till the least concentration of NPs (3.15–1.56 µg/mL) against ATCC, MS, and MDR E. coli, E. faecalis, and S. aureus and the Kirby–Bauer method showed that AgPtNPs gave a zone of inhibition for Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria in a range of 9–25 mm. In addition, we obtained AgPtNP synergistic activity in combination with vancomycin or ampicillin antibiotics. Taken together, these results indicate that bimetallic nanoparticles, synthesized from O. basilicum leaf extract, could represent a natural, ecofriendly, cheap, and safe method to produce alternative antibacterial strategies with low cytotoxicity.
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spelling pubmed-96950822022-11-26 Antimicrobial Applications of Green Synthesized Bimetallic Nanoparticles from Ocimum basilicum More, Pragati Rajendra Zannella, Carla Folliero, Veronica Foglia, Francesco Troisi, Romualdo Vergara, Alessandro Franci, Gianluigi De Filippis, Anna Galdiero, Massimiliano Pharmaceutics Article Antibiotic resistance is an important and emerging alarm for public health that requires development of new potential antibacterial strategies. In recent years, nanoscale materials have emerged as an alternative way to fight pathogens. Many researchers have shown great interest in nanoparticles (NPs) using noble metals, such as silver, gold, and platinum, even though numerous nanomaterials have shown toxicity. To overcome the problem of toxicity, nanotechnology merged with green chemistry to synthesize nature-friendly nanoparticles from plants. Here, we describe the synthesis of NPs using silver (AgNPs) and platinum (PtNPs) alone or in combination (AgPtNPs) in the presence of Ocimum basilicum (O. basilicum) leaf extract. O. basilicum is a well-known medicinal plant with antibacterial compounds. A preliminary chemical–physical characterization of the extract was conducted. The size, shape and elemental analysis were carried out using UV–Visible spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering (DLS), and zeta potential. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) confirmed polydisperse NPs with spherical shape. The size of the particles was approximately 59 nm, confirmed by DLS analysis, and the polydisperse index was 0.159. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) demonstrated an effective and selective capping of the phytoconstituents on the NPs. The cytotoxic activities of AgNPs, PtNPs and AgPtNPs were assessed on different epithelial cell models, using the 3-[4.5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2.5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) cell proliferation assay, and discovered low toxicity, with a cell viability of 80%. The antibacterial potential of the NPs was evaluated against Escherichia coli (E. coli), Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis), Klebsiella pneumonia (K. pneumoniae), and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) strains. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) assays showed AgPtNP activity till the least concentration of NPs (3.15–1.56 µg/mL) against ATCC, MS, and MDR E. coli, E. faecalis, and S. aureus and the Kirby–Bauer method showed that AgPtNPs gave a zone of inhibition for Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria in a range of 9–25 mm. In addition, we obtained AgPtNP synergistic activity in combination with vancomycin or ampicillin antibiotics. Taken together, these results indicate that bimetallic nanoparticles, synthesized from O. basilicum leaf extract, could represent a natural, ecofriendly, cheap, and safe method to produce alternative antibacterial strategies with low cytotoxicity. MDPI 2022-11-14 /pmc/articles/PMC9695082/ /pubmed/36432648 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics14112457 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
More, Pragati Rajendra
Zannella, Carla
Folliero, Veronica
Foglia, Francesco
Troisi, Romualdo
Vergara, Alessandro
Franci, Gianluigi
De Filippis, Anna
Galdiero, Massimiliano
Antimicrobial Applications of Green Synthesized Bimetallic Nanoparticles from Ocimum basilicum
title Antimicrobial Applications of Green Synthesized Bimetallic Nanoparticles from Ocimum basilicum
title_full Antimicrobial Applications of Green Synthesized Bimetallic Nanoparticles from Ocimum basilicum
title_fullStr Antimicrobial Applications of Green Synthesized Bimetallic Nanoparticles from Ocimum basilicum
title_full_unstemmed Antimicrobial Applications of Green Synthesized Bimetallic Nanoparticles from Ocimum basilicum
title_short Antimicrobial Applications of Green Synthesized Bimetallic Nanoparticles from Ocimum basilicum
title_sort antimicrobial applications of green synthesized bimetallic nanoparticles from ocimum basilicum
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9695082/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36432648
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics14112457
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