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Detection of Torquetenovirus and Redondovirus DNA in Saliva Samples from SARS-CoV-2-Positive and -Negative Subjects
Objectives: Torquetenovirus (TTV) and Redondovirus (ReDoV) are the most prevalent viruses found in the human respiratory virome in viral metagenomics studies. A large-scale epidemiological study was performed to investigate their prevalence and loads in saliva samples according to SARS-CoV-2 status....
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2022
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9695164/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36366580 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v14112482 |
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author | Spezia, Pietro Giorgio Baj, Andreina Drago Ferrante, Francesca Boutahar, Sara Azzi, Lorenzo Genoni, Angelo Dalla Gasperina, Daniela Novazzi, Federica Dentali, Francesco Focosi, Daniele Maggi, Fabrizio |
author_facet | Spezia, Pietro Giorgio Baj, Andreina Drago Ferrante, Francesca Boutahar, Sara Azzi, Lorenzo Genoni, Angelo Dalla Gasperina, Daniela Novazzi, Federica Dentali, Francesco Focosi, Daniele Maggi, Fabrizio |
author_sort | Spezia, Pietro Giorgio |
collection | PubMed |
description | Objectives: Torquetenovirus (TTV) and Redondovirus (ReDoV) are the most prevalent viruses found in the human respiratory virome in viral metagenomics studies. A large-scale epidemiological study was performed to investigate their prevalence and loads in saliva samples according to SARS-CoV-2 status. Methods: Saliva samples from 448 individuals (73% SARS-CoV-2 negative and 27% SARS-CoV-2 positive) aged 23–88 years were tested. SARS-CoV-2 and TTV were determined in saliva by specific qualitative and quantitative real-time PCRs, respectively. A sub-cohort of 377 subjects was additionally tested for the presence and load of ReDoV in saliva, and a different sub-cohort of 120 subjects for which paired saliva and plasma samples were available was tested for TTV and ReDoV viremia at the same timepoints as saliva. Results: TTV in saliva was 72% prevalent in the entire cohort, at a mean DNA load of 4.6 log copies/mL, with no difference regardless of SARS-CoV-2 status. ReDoV was found in saliva from 61% of the entire cohort and was more prevalent in the SARS-CoV-2-negative subgroup (65% vs. 52%, respectively). In saliva, the total mean load of ReDoV was very similar to the one of TTV, with a value of 4.4 log copies/mL. The mean viral loads in subjects infected with a single virus, namely, those infected with TTV or ReDoV alone, was lower than in dually infected samples, and Tukey’s multiple-comparison test showed that ReDoV single-infected samples resulted in the only true outlier (p = 0.004). Differently from TTV, ReDoV was not detected in any blood samples. Conclusions: This study establishes the prevalence and mean value of TTV and ReDoV in saliva samples and demonstrates the existence of differences between these two components of the human virome. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9695164 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-96951642022-11-26 Detection of Torquetenovirus and Redondovirus DNA in Saliva Samples from SARS-CoV-2-Positive and -Negative Subjects Spezia, Pietro Giorgio Baj, Andreina Drago Ferrante, Francesca Boutahar, Sara Azzi, Lorenzo Genoni, Angelo Dalla Gasperina, Daniela Novazzi, Federica Dentali, Francesco Focosi, Daniele Maggi, Fabrizio Viruses Brief Report Objectives: Torquetenovirus (TTV) and Redondovirus (ReDoV) are the most prevalent viruses found in the human respiratory virome in viral metagenomics studies. A large-scale epidemiological study was performed to investigate their prevalence and loads in saliva samples according to SARS-CoV-2 status. Methods: Saliva samples from 448 individuals (73% SARS-CoV-2 negative and 27% SARS-CoV-2 positive) aged 23–88 years were tested. SARS-CoV-2 and TTV were determined in saliva by specific qualitative and quantitative real-time PCRs, respectively. A sub-cohort of 377 subjects was additionally tested for the presence and load of ReDoV in saliva, and a different sub-cohort of 120 subjects for which paired saliva and plasma samples were available was tested for TTV and ReDoV viremia at the same timepoints as saliva. Results: TTV in saliva was 72% prevalent in the entire cohort, at a mean DNA load of 4.6 log copies/mL, with no difference regardless of SARS-CoV-2 status. ReDoV was found in saliva from 61% of the entire cohort and was more prevalent in the SARS-CoV-2-negative subgroup (65% vs. 52%, respectively). In saliva, the total mean load of ReDoV was very similar to the one of TTV, with a value of 4.4 log copies/mL. The mean viral loads in subjects infected with a single virus, namely, those infected with TTV or ReDoV alone, was lower than in dually infected samples, and Tukey’s multiple-comparison test showed that ReDoV single-infected samples resulted in the only true outlier (p = 0.004). Differently from TTV, ReDoV was not detected in any blood samples. Conclusions: This study establishes the prevalence and mean value of TTV and ReDoV in saliva samples and demonstrates the existence of differences between these two components of the human virome. MDPI 2022-11-09 /pmc/articles/PMC9695164/ /pubmed/36366580 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v14112482 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Brief Report Spezia, Pietro Giorgio Baj, Andreina Drago Ferrante, Francesca Boutahar, Sara Azzi, Lorenzo Genoni, Angelo Dalla Gasperina, Daniela Novazzi, Federica Dentali, Francesco Focosi, Daniele Maggi, Fabrizio Detection of Torquetenovirus and Redondovirus DNA in Saliva Samples from SARS-CoV-2-Positive and -Negative Subjects |
title | Detection of Torquetenovirus and Redondovirus DNA in Saliva Samples from SARS-CoV-2-Positive and -Negative Subjects |
title_full | Detection of Torquetenovirus and Redondovirus DNA in Saliva Samples from SARS-CoV-2-Positive and -Negative Subjects |
title_fullStr | Detection of Torquetenovirus and Redondovirus DNA in Saliva Samples from SARS-CoV-2-Positive and -Negative Subjects |
title_full_unstemmed | Detection of Torquetenovirus and Redondovirus DNA in Saliva Samples from SARS-CoV-2-Positive and -Negative Subjects |
title_short | Detection of Torquetenovirus and Redondovirus DNA in Saliva Samples from SARS-CoV-2-Positive and -Negative Subjects |
title_sort | detection of torquetenovirus and redondovirus dna in saliva samples from sars-cov-2-positive and -negative subjects |
topic | Brief Report |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9695164/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36366580 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v14112482 |
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