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Thermal Degradation of Organophosphorus Flame Retardants
The development of new organophosphorus flame retardants for polymeric materials is spurred by relatively low toxicity, effectiveness, and demand for replacement of more traditional materials. To function, these compounds must decompose in a degrading polymer matrix to form species which promote mod...
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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MDPI
2022
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Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9695522/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36433056 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14224929 |
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author | Howell, Bob A. |
author_facet | Howell, Bob A. |
author_sort | Howell, Bob A. |
collection | PubMed |
description | The development of new organophosphorus flame retardants for polymeric materials is spurred by relatively low toxicity, effectiveness, and demand for replacement of more traditional materials. To function, these compounds must decompose in a degrading polymer matrix to form species which promote modification of the solid phase or generate active radical moieties that escape to the gas phase and interrupt combustion propagating reactions. An understanding of the decomposition process for these compounds may provide insight into the nature of flame retardant action which they may offer and suggest parameters for the synthesis of effective new organophosphorus flame retardants. The thermal degradation of a series of organophosphorus esters varying in the level of oxygenation at phosphorus—alkyl phosphate, aryl phosphate, phosphonate, phosphinate—has been examined. Initial degradation in all cases corresponds to elimination of a phosphorus acid. However, the facility with which this occurs is strongly dependent on the level of oxygenation at phosphorus. For alkyl phosphates elimination occurs rapidly at relatively low temperature. The same process occurs at somewhat higher temperature for aryl phosphates. Elimination of a phosphorus acid from phosphonate or phosphinate occurs more slowly and at much higher temperature. Further, the acids formed from elimination rapidly degrade further to evolve volatile species. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9695522 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-96955222022-11-26 Thermal Degradation of Organophosphorus Flame Retardants Howell, Bob A. Polymers (Basel) Article The development of new organophosphorus flame retardants for polymeric materials is spurred by relatively low toxicity, effectiveness, and demand for replacement of more traditional materials. To function, these compounds must decompose in a degrading polymer matrix to form species which promote modification of the solid phase or generate active radical moieties that escape to the gas phase and interrupt combustion propagating reactions. An understanding of the decomposition process for these compounds may provide insight into the nature of flame retardant action which they may offer and suggest parameters for the synthesis of effective new organophosphorus flame retardants. The thermal degradation of a series of organophosphorus esters varying in the level of oxygenation at phosphorus—alkyl phosphate, aryl phosphate, phosphonate, phosphinate—has been examined. Initial degradation in all cases corresponds to elimination of a phosphorus acid. However, the facility with which this occurs is strongly dependent on the level of oxygenation at phosphorus. For alkyl phosphates elimination occurs rapidly at relatively low temperature. The same process occurs at somewhat higher temperature for aryl phosphates. Elimination of a phosphorus acid from phosphonate or phosphinate occurs more slowly and at much higher temperature. Further, the acids formed from elimination rapidly degrade further to evolve volatile species. MDPI 2022-11-15 /pmc/articles/PMC9695522/ /pubmed/36433056 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14224929 Text en © 2022 by the author. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Howell, Bob A. Thermal Degradation of Organophosphorus Flame Retardants |
title | Thermal Degradation of Organophosphorus Flame Retardants |
title_full | Thermal Degradation of Organophosphorus Flame Retardants |
title_fullStr | Thermal Degradation of Organophosphorus Flame Retardants |
title_full_unstemmed | Thermal Degradation of Organophosphorus Flame Retardants |
title_short | Thermal Degradation of Organophosphorus Flame Retardants |
title_sort | thermal degradation of organophosphorus flame retardants |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9695522/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36433056 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14224929 |
work_keys_str_mv | AT howellboba thermaldegradationoforganophosphorusflameretardants |