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Development and Analysis of Electrochemical Reactor with Vibrating Functional Element for AAO Nanoporous Membranes Fabrication

Nanoporous anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) is needed for a variety of purposes due to its unique properties, including high hardness, thermal stability, large surface area, and light weight. Nevertheless, the use of AAO in different applications is limited because of its brittleness. A new design of an...

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Autores principales: Cigane, Urte, Palevicius, Arvydas, Jurenas, Vytautas, Pilkauskas, Kestutis, Janusas, Giedrius
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9695578/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36433453
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22228856
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author Cigane, Urte
Palevicius, Arvydas
Jurenas, Vytautas
Pilkauskas, Kestutis
Janusas, Giedrius
author_facet Cigane, Urte
Palevicius, Arvydas
Jurenas, Vytautas
Pilkauskas, Kestutis
Janusas, Giedrius
author_sort Cigane, Urte
collection PubMed
description Nanoporous anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) is needed for a variety of purposes due to its unique properties, including high hardness, thermal stability, large surface area, and light weight. Nevertheless, the use of AAO in different applications is limited because of its brittleness. A new design of an electrochemical reactor with a vibrating element for AAO nanoporous membranes fabrication is proposed. The vibrating element in the form of a piezoceramic ring was installed inside the developed reactor, which allows to create a high-frequency excitation. Furthermore, mixing and vibration simulations in the novel reactor were carried out using ANSYS 17 and COMSOL Multiphysics 5.4 software, respectively. By theoretical calculations, the possibility to excite the vibrations of five resonant modes at different frequencies in the AAO membrane was shown. The theoretical results were experimentally confirmed. Five vibration modes at close to the theoretical frequencies were obtained in the novel reactor. Moreover, nanoporous AAO membranes were synthesized. The novel aluminum anodization technology results in AAO membranes with 82.6 ± 10 nm pore diameters and 43% porosity at 3.1 kHz frequency excitation and AAO membranes with 86.1 ± 10 nm pore diameters and 46% porosity at 4.1 kHz frequency excitation. Furthermore, the chemical composition of the membrane remained unchanged, and the hardness decreased. Nanoporous AAO has become less brittle but hard enough to be used for template synthesis.
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spelling pubmed-96955782022-11-26 Development and Analysis of Electrochemical Reactor with Vibrating Functional Element for AAO Nanoporous Membranes Fabrication Cigane, Urte Palevicius, Arvydas Jurenas, Vytautas Pilkauskas, Kestutis Janusas, Giedrius Sensors (Basel) Article Nanoporous anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) is needed for a variety of purposes due to its unique properties, including high hardness, thermal stability, large surface area, and light weight. Nevertheless, the use of AAO in different applications is limited because of its brittleness. A new design of an electrochemical reactor with a vibrating element for AAO nanoporous membranes fabrication is proposed. The vibrating element in the form of a piezoceramic ring was installed inside the developed reactor, which allows to create a high-frequency excitation. Furthermore, mixing and vibration simulations in the novel reactor were carried out using ANSYS 17 and COMSOL Multiphysics 5.4 software, respectively. By theoretical calculations, the possibility to excite the vibrations of five resonant modes at different frequencies in the AAO membrane was shown. The theoretical results were experimentally confirmed. Five vibration modes at close to the theoretical frequencies were obtained in the novel reactor. Moreover, nanoporous AAO membranes were synthesized. The novel aluminum anodization technology results in AAO membranes with 82.6 ± 10 nm pore diameters and 43% porosity at 3.1 kHz frequency excitation and AAO membranes with 86.1 ± 10 nm pore diameters and 46% porosity at 4.1 kHz frequency excitation. Furthermore, the chemical composition of the membrane remained unchanged, and the hardness decreased. Nanoporous AAO has become less brittle but hard enough to be used for template synthesis. MDPI 2022-11-16 /pmc/articles/PMC9695578/ /pubmed/36433453 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22228856 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Cigane, Urte
Palevicius, Arvydas
Jurenas, Vytautas
Pilkauskas, Kestutis
Janusas, Giedrius
Development and Analysis of Electrochemical Reactor with Vibrating Functional Element for AAO Nanoporous Membranes Fabrication
title Development and Analysis of Electrochemical Reactor with Vibrating Functional Element for AAO Nanoporous Membranes Fabrication
title_full Development and Analysis of Electrochemical Reactor with Vibrating Functional Element for AAO Nanoporous Membranes Fabrication
title_fullStr Development and Analysis of Electrochemical Reactor with Vibrating Functional Element for AAO Nanoporous Membranes Fabrication
title_full_unstemmed Development and Analysis of Electrochemical Reactor with Vibrating Functional Element for AAO Nanoporous Membranes Fabrication
title_short Development and Analysis of Electrochemical Reactor with Vibrating Functional Element for AAO Nanoporous Membranes Fabrication
title_sort development and analysis of electrochemical reactor with vibrating functional element for aao nanoporous membranes fabrication
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9695578/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36433453
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22228856
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