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Statins as Repurposed Drugs in Gynecological Cancer: A Review
Discovering new drugs is an expensive and time-consuming process, including target identification, bioavailability, pharmacokinetic (PK) tests, pharmacodynamic (PD) tests, toxicity profiles, recommended dosage test, and observation of the side effects, etc. Repurposed drugs could bypass some steps,...
Autores principales: | , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2022
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9695805/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36430409 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms232213937 |
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author | Wang, Kai-Hung Liu, Chin-Hung Ding, Dah-Ching |
author_facet | Wang, Kai-Hung Liu, Chin-Hung Ding, Dah-Ching |
author_sort | Wang, Kai-Hung |
collection | PubMed |
description | Discovering new drugs is an expensive and time-consuming process, including target identification, bioavailability, pharmacokinetic (PK) tests, pharmacodynamic (PD) tests, toxicity profiles, recommended dosage test, and observation of the side effects, etc. Repurposed drugs could bypass some steps, starting from phase II trials, and shorten the processes. Statins, also known as HMG-CoA inhibitors (HMGCR), are commonly used to manage and prevent various cardiovascular diseases and have been shown to improve the morbidity and mortality of patients. In addition to the inhibitory effects on the production of cholesterol, the beneficial effects of statins on the prognosis and risk of various cancers are also shown. Statins not only inhibited cell proliferation, metastasis, and chemoresistance but affected the tumor microenvironment (TME). Thus, statins have great potential to be repurposed in oncology. Hence, we review the meta-analysis, cohort, and case-control studies of statins in gynecological cancers, and elucidate how statins regulate cell proliferation, apoptosis, tumor growth, and metastasis. Although the results in gynecological cancers remain controversial and the effects of different statins in different histotypes of gynecological cancers and TME are needed to elucidate further, statins are excellent candidates and worthy of being repurposed drugs in treating gynecological cancers. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9695805 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-96958052022-11-26 Statins as Repurposed Drugs in Gynecological Cancer: A Review Wang, Kai-Hung Liu, Chin-Hung Ding, Dah-Ching Int J Mol Sci Review Discovering new drugs is an expensive and time-consuming process, including target identification, bioavailability, pharmacokinetic (PK) tests, pharmacodynamic (PD) tests, toxicity profiles, recommended dosage test, and observation of the side effects, etc. Repurposed drugs could bypass some steps, starting from phase II trials, and shorten the processes. Statins, also known as HMG-CoA inhibitors (HMGCR), are commonly used to manage and prevent various cardiovascular diseases and have been shown to improve the morbidity and mortality of patients. In addition to the inhibitory effects on the production of cholesterol, the beneficial effects of statins on the prognosis and risk of various cancers are also shown. Statins not only inhibited cell proliferation, metastasis, and chemoresistance but affected the tumor microenvironment (TME). Thus, statins have great potential to be repurposed in oncology. Hence, we review the meta-analysis, cohort, and case-control studies of statins in gynecological cancers, and elucidate how statins regulate cell proliferation, apoptosis, tumor growth, and metastasis. Although the results in gynecological cancers remain controversial and the effects of different statins in different histotypes of gynecological cancers and TME are needed to elucidate further, statins are excellent candidates and worthy of being repurposed drugs in treating gynecological cancers. MDPI 2022-11-11 /pmc/articles/PMC9695805/ /pubmed/36430409 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms232213937 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Review Wang, Kai-Hung Liu, Chin-Hung Ding, Dah-Ching Statins as Repurposed Drugs in Gynecological Cancer: A Review |
title | Statins as Repurposed Drugs in Gynecological Cancer: A Review |
title_full | Statins as Repurposed Drugs in Gynecological Cancer: A Review |
title_fullStr | Statins as Repurposed Drugs in Gynecological Cancer: A Review |
title_full_unstemmed | Statins as Repurposed Drugs in Gynecological Cancer: A Review |
title_short | Statins as Repurposed Drugs in Gynecological Cancer: A Review |
title_sort | statins as repurposed drugs in gynecological cancer: a review |
topic | Review |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9695805/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36430409 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms232213937 |
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