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Differential Cytokine Levels during Normothermic Kidney Perfusion with Whole Blood- or Red Blood Cell-Based Perfusates—Results of a Scoping Review and Experimental Study
The ideal composition of the perfusate for normothermic kidney perfusion is unknown, though the perfusate commonly used to perfuse human kidneys contains leukocyte-depleted packed red blood cells (RBC), as this is believed to prevent excessive inflammation. We performed a systematic search identifyi...
Autores principales: | , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2022
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9695901/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36431095 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm11226618 |
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author | De Beule, Julie Keppens, Delphine Korf, Hannelie Jochmans, Ina |
author_facet | De Beule, Julie Keppens, Delphine Korf, Hannelie Jochmans, Ina |
author_sort | De Beule, Julie |
collection | PubMed |
description | The ideal composition of the perfusate for normothermic kidney perfusion is unknown, though the perfusate commonly used to perfuse human kidneys contains leukocyte-depleted packed red blood cells (RBC), as this is believed to prevent excessive inflammation. We performed a systematic search identifying 19 articles reporting on cytokine levels during normothermic pig or human kidney perfusion. Cytokine levels varied widely across the reported studies. No direct comparisons of perfusate cytokines during perfusion with RBC or whole blood were performed, and no data on how these levels are influenced by ischemia are available. Therefore, we compared perfusate IL-6, IL-1β, TNF-α, TGF-β, IL-10, IL-8, and CCL2 levels during 4 h normothermic pig kidney perfusion with a whole blood- or RBC-based perfusate. Kidneys were exposed to either 1 h of warm or 22 h of cold ischemia. We found no evidence of different perfusate cytokine or gene expression levels in whole blood or RBC perfusions. There was no clear evidence to suggest that cytokine concentrations differ between ischemically injured kidneys and controls. In conclusion, pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines are detectable in the perfusate and urine of kidneys undergoing normothermic perfusion. It is unclear how cytokine levels change in different ischemic conditions and whether the use of a leukocyte filter plays a role. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9695901 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-96959012022-11-26 Differential Cytokine Levels during Normothermic Kidney Perfusion with Whole Blood- or Red Blood Cell-Based Perfusates—Results of a Scoping Review and Experimental Study De Beule, Julie Keppens, Delphine Korf, Hannelie Jochmans, Ina J Clin Med Article The ideal composition of the perfusate for normothermic kidney perfusion is unknown, though the perfusate commonly used to perfuse human kidneys contains leukocyte-depleted packed red blood cells (RBC), as this is believed to prevent excessive inflammation. We performed a systematic search identifying 19 articles reporting on cytokine levels during normothermic pig or human kidney perfusion. Cytokine levels varied widely across the reported studies. No direct comparisons of perfusate cytokines during perfusion with RBC or whole blood were performed, and no data on how these levels are influenced by ischemia are available. Therefore, we compared perfusate IL-6, IL-1β, TNF-α, TGF-β, IL-10, IL-8, and CCL2 levels during 4 h normothermic pig kidney perfusion with a whole blood- or RBC-based perfusate. Kidneys were exposed to either 1 h of warm or 22 h of cold ischemia. We found no evidence of different perfusate cytokine or gene expression levels in whole blood or RBC perfusions. There was no clear evidence to suggest that cytokine concentrations differ between ischemically injured kidneys and controls. In conclusion, pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines are detectable in the perfusate and urine of kidneys undergoing normothermic perfusion. It is unclear how cytokine levels change in different ischemic conditions and whether the use of a leukocyte filter plays a role. MDPI 2022-11-08 /pmc/articles/PMC9695901/ /pubmed/36431095 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm11226618 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article De Beule, Julie Keppens, Delphine Korf, Hannelie Jochmans, Ina Differential Cytokine Levels during Normothermic Kidney Perfusion with Whole Blood- or Red Blood Cell-Based Perfusates—Results of a Scoping Review and Experimental Study |
title | Differential Cytokine Levels during Normothermic Kidney Perfusion with Whole Blood- or Red Blood Cell-Based Perfusates—Results of a Scoping Review and Experimental Study |
title_full | Differential Cytokine Levels during Normothermic Kidney Perfusion with Whole Blood- or Red Blood Cell-Based Perfusates—Results of a Scoping Review and Experimental Study |
title_fullStr | Differential Cytokine Levels during Normothermic Kidney Perfusion with Whole Blood- or Red Blood Cell-Based Perfusates—Results of a Scoping Review and Experimental Study |
title_full_unstemmed | Differential Cytokine Levels during Normothermic Kidney Perfusion with Whole Blood- or Red Blood Cell-Based Perfusates—Results of a Scoping Review and Experimental Study |
title_short | Differential Cytokine Levels during Normothermic Kidney Perfusion with Whole Blood- or Red Blood Cell-Based Perfusates—Results of a Scoping Review and Experimental Study |
title_sort | differential cytokine levels during normothermic kidney perfusion with whole blood- or red blood cell-based perfusates—results of a scoping review and experimental study |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9695901/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36431095 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm11226618 |
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