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Bioactivities and Microbial Quality of Lycium Fruits (Goji) Extracts Derived by Various Solvents and Green Extraction Methods
Goji berries, known for their health-promoting properties, are increasingly consumed around the world, often in the form of naturally- or freeze-dried fruits, further unprocessed. The aim of the study was to obtain dried goji berries extracts, characterized by high bioactivity and safety in terms of...
Autores principales: | , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2022
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9695928/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36431953 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules27227856 |
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author | Rajkowska, Katarzyna Simińska, Dorota Kunicka-Styczyńska, Alina |
author_facet | Rajkowska, Katarzyna Simińska, Dorota Kunicka-Styczyńska, Alina |
author_sort | Rajkowska, Katarzyna |
collection | PubMed |
description | Goji berries, known for their health-promoting properties, are increasingly consumed around the world, often in the form of naturally- or freeze-dried fruits, further unprocessed. The aim of the study was to obtain dried goji berries extracts, characterized by high bioactivity and safety in terms of microbial contamination for the consumer. In the study, various solvents (water, ethanol, acetone, ethyl lactate, sunflower oil) and green extraction methods (heating and ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE)) were used. In goji extracts, antioxidant activity and carotenoids content as bioactivity indicators, as well as total number of microorganisms were determined. Boiling of powdered dried goji fruits in water resulted in extracts with the best features, i.e., with high antioxidant properties (2.75–4.06 μmol of Trolox equivalent (TE)/mL), moderate to high content of carotenoids (0.67–1.86 mg/mL), and a reduced number of microorganisms compared with fruits. Extracts in 50% ethanol and 50% acetone were characterized primarily by very high antioxidant activity (3.09–4.90 μmol TE/mL). The high content of carotenoids (0.98–3.79 mg/mL) and high microbial quality (<10 CFU/g) were obtained by extraction in ethyl lactate by the UAE method. The results could be useful in the development of functional food based on goji berry ingredients. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9695928 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-96959282022-11-26 Bioactivities and Microbial Quality of Lycium Fruits (Goji) Extracts Derived by Various Solvents and Green Extraction Methods Rajkowska, Katarzyna Simińska, Dorota Kunicka-Styczyńska, Alina Molecules Article Goji berries, known for their health-promoting properties, are increasingly consumed around the world, often in the form of naturally- or freeze-dried fruits, further unprocessed. The aim of the study was to obtain dried goji berries extracts, characterized by high bioactivity and safety in terms of microbial contamination for the consumer. In the study, various solvents (water, ethanol, acetone, ethyl lactate, sunflower oil) and green extraction methods (heating and ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE)) were used. In goji extracts, antioxidant activity and carotenoids content as bioactivity indicators, as well as total number of microorganisms were determined. Boiling of powdered dried goji fruits in water resulted in extracts with the best features, i.e., with high antioxidant properties (2.75–4.06 μmol of Trolox equivalent (TE)/mL), moderate to high content of carotenoids (0.67–1.86 mg/mL), and a reduced number of microorganisms compared with fruits. Extracts in 50% ethanol and 50% acetone were characterized primarily by very high antioxidant activity (3.09–4.90 μmol TE/mL). The high content of carotenoids (0.98–3.79 mg/mL) and high microbial quality (<10 CFU/g) were obtained by extraction in ethyl lactate by the UAE method. The results could be useful in the development of functional food based on goji berry ingredients. MDPI 2022-11-14 /pmc/articles/PMC9695928/ /pubmed/36431953 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules27227856 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Rajkowska, Katarzyna Simińska, Dorota Kunicka-Styczyńska, Alina Bioactivities and Microbial Quality of Lycium Fruits (Goji) Extracts Derived by Various Solvents and Green Extraction Methods |
title | Bioactivities and Microbial Quality of Lycium Fruits (Goji) Extracts Derived by Various Solvents and Green Extraction Methods |
title_full | Bioactivities and Microbial Quality of Lycium Fruits (Goji) Extracts Derived by Various Solvents and Green Extraction Methods |
title_fullStr | Bioactivities and Microbial Quality of Lycium Fruits (Goji) Extracts Derived by Various Solvents and Green Extraction Methods |
title_full_unstemmed | Bioactivities and Microbial Quality of Lycium Fruits (Goji) Extracts Derived by Various Solvents and Green Extraction Methods |
title_short | Bioactivities and Microbial Quality of Lycium Fruits (Goji) Extracts Derived by Various Solvents and Green Extraction Methods |
title_sort | bioactivities and microbial quality of lycium fruits (goji) extracts derived by various solvents and green extraction methods |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9695928/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36431953 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules27227856 |
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