The Interplay between ESIPT and TADF for the 2,2′-Bipyridine-3,3′-diol: A Theoretical Reconsideration

Organic molecules with excited-state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT) and thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) properties have great potential for realizing efficient organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs). Furthermore, 2,2′-bipyridine-3,3′-diol (BP(OH)(2)) is a typical molecule with ESIPT and TADF properties. Previously, the double ESIPT state was proved to be a luminescent state, and the T(2) state plays a dominant role in TADF for the molecule. Nevertheless, whether BP(OH)(2) undergoes a double or single ESIPT process is controversial. Since different ESIPT channels will bring different TADF mechanisms, the previously proposed TADF mechanism based on the double ESIPT structure for BP(OH)(2) needs to be reconsidered. Herein, reduced density gradient, potential energy surface, IR spectra and exited-state hydrogen-bond dynamics computations confirm that BP(OH)(2) undergoes the barrierless single ESIPT process rather than the double ESIPT process with a barrier. Moreover, based on the single ESIPT structure, we calculated spin-orbit coupling matrix elements, nonradiative rates and electron-hole distributions. These results disclose that the T(3) state plays a predominant role in TADF. Our investigation provides a better understanding on the TADF mechanism in hydrogen-bonded molecular systems and the interaction between ESIPT and TADF, which further provides a reference for developing efficient OLEDs.