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Environmental Factors and Their Threshold Affecting the Survival of Five Aquatic Animal Viruses in Different Animal Cells

Aquatic animal viruses infect and transmit in aquatic environments, causing serious harm to the aquaculture industry and a variety of wild aquatic animals. How are they affected by environmental factors and do they represent potential threat to mammalian heath or not? Here, the effects of environmen...

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Autores principales: Wang, Zi-Hao, Ke, Fei, Gui, Jian-Fang, Zhang, Qi-Ya
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9696523/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36423155
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v14112546
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author Wang, Zi-Hao
Ke, Fei
Gui, Jian-Fang
Zhang, Qi-Ya
author_facet Wang, Zi-Hao
Ke, Fei
Gui, Jian-Fang
Zhang, Qi-Ya
author_sort Wang, Zi-Hao
collection PubMed
description Aquatic animal viruses infect and transmit in aquatic environments, causing serious harm to the aquaculture industry and a variety of wild aquatic animals. How are they affected by environmental factors and do they represent potential threat to mammalian heath or not? Here, the effects of environmental factors (ultraviolet radiation (UV), temperature, pH, and drying) and their threshold on five epidemic aquatic animal viruses infecting amphibians and bony fish, including Rana grylio virus (RGV), Andrias davidianus ranavirus (ADRV), Grass carp reovirus (GCRV), Paralichthys olivaceus rhabdovirus (PORV), and Scophthalmus maximus rhabdovirus (SMRV), were measured and compared in a fish cell line. The examination of virus titers after different treatment in fish cells showed that the two iridoviruses, RGV and ADRV, had a higher tolerance to all of the environmental factors, such as they only had a decay rate of 22–36% when incubated at 37 °C for 7 days. However, the rhabdovirus SMRV was sensitive to all of the factors, with a decay rate of more than 80% in most of the treatments; even a complete inactivation (100%) can be observed after drying treatment. To address the potential threat to mammals, infectivity and limitation factors of the five viruses in Baby hamster kidney fibroblast cells (BHK-21) were tested, which showed that three of the five viruses can replicate at a low temperature, but a high temperature strongly inhibited their infection and none of them could replicate at 37 °C. This study clarified the sensitivity or tolerance of several different types of aquatic animal viruses to the main environmental factors in the aquatic environment and proved that the viruses cannot replicate in mammalian cells at normal physiological temperature.
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spelling pubmed-96965232022-11-26 Environmental Factors and Their Threshold Affecting the Survival of Five Aquatic Animal Viruses in Different Animal Cells Wang, Zi-Hao Ke, Fei Gui, Jian-Fang Zhang, Qi-Ya Viruses Article Aquatic animal viruses infect and transmit in aquatic environments, causing serious harm to the aquaculture industry and a variety of wild aquatic animals. How are they affected by environmental factors and do they represent potential threat to mammalian heath or not? Here, the effects of environmental factors (ultraviolet radiation (UV), temperature, pH, and drying) and their threshold on five epidemic aquatic animal viruses infecting amphibians and bony fish, including Rana grylio virus (RGV), Andrias davidianus ranavirus (ADRV), Grass carp reovirus (GCRV), Paralichthys olivaceus rhabdovirus (PORV), and Scophthalmus maximus rhabdovirus (SMRV), were measured and compared in a fish cell line. The examination of virus titers after different treatment in fish cells showed that the two iridoviruses, RGV and ADRV, had a higher tolerance to all of the environmental factors, such as they only had a decay rate of 22–36% when incubated at 37 °C for 7 days. However, the rhabdovirus SMRV was sensitive to all of the factors, with a decay rate of more than 80% in most of the treatments; even a complete inactivation (100%) can be observed after drying treatment. To address the potential threat to mammals, infectivity and limitation factors of the five viruses in Baby hamster kidney fibroblast cells (BHK-21) were tested, which showed that three of the five viruses can replicate at a low temperature, but a high temperature strongly inhibited their infection and none of them could replicate at 37 °C. This study clarified the sensitivity or tolerance of several different types of aquatic animal viruses to the main environmental factors in the aquatic environment and proved that the viruses cannot replicate in mammalian cells at normal physiological temperature. MDPI 2022-11-17 /pmc/articles/PMC9696523/ /pubmed/36423155 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v14112546 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Wang, Zi-Hao
Ke, Fei
Gui, Jian-Fang
Zhang, Qi-Ya
Environmental Factors and Their Threshold Affecting the Survival of Five Aquatic Animal Viruses in Different Animal Cells
title Environmental Factors and Their Threshold Affecting the Survival of Five Aquatic Animal Viruses in Different Animal Cells
title_full Environmental Factors and Their Threshold Affecting the Survival of Five Aquatic Animal Viruses in Different Animal Cells
title_fullStr Environmental Factors and Their Threshold Affecting the Survival of Five Aquatic Animal Viruses in Different Animal Cells
title_full_unstemmed Environmental Factors and Their Threshold Affecting the Survival of Five Aquatic Animal Viruses in Different Animal Cells
title_short Environmental Factors and Their Threshold Affecting the Survival of Five Aquatic Animal Viruses in Different Animal Cells
title_sort environmental factors and their threshold affecting the survival of five aquatic animal viruses in different animal cells
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9696523/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36423155
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v14112546
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