Genosensing Applications of Glassy Carbon Electrodes Modified with Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes Non-Covalently Functionalized with Polyarginine

We report the advantages of glassy carbon electrodes (GCE) modified with multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) non-covalently functionalized with polyarginine (PolyArg) for the adsorption and electrooxidation of different DNAs and the analytical applications of the resulting platform. The presence of the carbon nanostructures, and mainly the charge of the PolyArg that supports them, facilitates the adsorption of calf-thymus and salmon sperm double-stranded DNAs and produces an important decrease in the overvoltages for the oxidation of guanine and adenine residues and a significant enhancement in the associated currents. As a proof-of-concept of possible GCE/MWCNTs-PolyArg biosensing applications, we develop an impedimetric genosensor for the quantification of microRNA-21 at femtomolar levels, using GCE/MWCNTs-PolyArg as a platform for immobilizing the DNA probe, with a detection limit of 3fM, a sensitivity of 1.544 × 10(3) Ω M(−1), and a successful application in enriched biological fluids.