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Benthic Fluxes of Fluorescent Dissolved Organic Material, Salt, and Heat Measured by Multiple-Sensor Aquatic Eddy Covariance

Aquatic eddy covariance (AEC) is an in situ technique for measuring fluxes in marine and freshwater systems that is based on the covariance of velocity and concentration measurements. To date, AEC has mainly been applied to the measurement of benthic oxygen fluxes. Here, development of a fast multip...

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Autores principales: Hu, Irene H., Hemond, Harold F.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9696887/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36433578
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22228984
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author Hu, Irene H.
Hemond, Harold F.
author_facet Hu, Irene H.
Hemond, Harold F.
author_sort Hu, Irene H.
collection PubMed
description Aquatic eddy covariance (AEC) is an in situ technique for measuring fluxes in marine and freshwater systems that is based on the covariance of velocity and concentration measurements. To date, AEC has mainly been applied to the measurement of benthic oxygen fluxes. Here, development of a fast multiple-channel sensor enables the use of AEC for measurement of benthic fluxes of fluorescent material, salt, and heat at three distinct sites in Massachusetts, USA, including the Connecticut River, the Concord River, and Upper Mystic Lake. Benthic fluxes of salt, useful as a tracer for groundwater input (submarine groundwater discharge), were consistent with independent measurements made with seepage meters. Eddy fluxes of heat were consistent with the balance of incoming solar radiation and thermal conduction at the sediment surface. Benthic eddy fluxes of fluorescent dissolved organic material (FDOM) revealed a substantial net downward flux in the humic-rich Concord River, suggesting that microbial consumption of dissolved organic carbon in the sediment was significant. Simultaneous measurement of several fluxes expands the utility of AEC as a biogeochemical tool while enabling checks for mutual consistency among data channels.
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spelling pubmed-96968872022-11-26 Benthic Fluxes of Fluorescent Dissolved Organic Material, Salt, and Heat Measured by Multiple-Sensor Aquatic Eddy Covariance Hu, Irene H. Hemond, Harold F. Sensors (Basel) Article Aquatic eddy covariance (AEC) is an in situ technique for measuring fluxes in marine and freshwater systems that is based on the covariance of velocity and concentration measurements. To date, AEC has mainly been applied to the measurement of benthic oxygen fluxes. Here, development of a fast multiple-channel sensor enables the use of AEC for measurement of benthic fluxes of fluorescent material, salt, and heat at three distinct sites in Massachusetts, USA, including the Connecticut River, the Concord River, and Upper Mystic Lake. Benthic fluxes of salt, useful as a tracer for groundwater input (submarine groundwater discharge), were consistent with independent measurements made with seepage meters. Eddy fluxes of heat were consistent with the balance of incoming solar radiation and thermal conduction at the sediment surface. Benthic eddy fluxes of fluorescent dissolved organic material (FDOM) revealed a substantial net downward flux in the humic-rich Concord River, suggesting that microbial consumption of dissolved organic carbon in the sediment was significant. Simultaneous measurement of several fluxes expands the utility of AEC as a biogeochemical tool while enabling checks for mutual consistency among data channels. MDPI 2022-11-20 /pmc/articles/PMC9696887/ /pubmed/36433578 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22228984 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Hu, Irene H.
Hemond, Harold F.
Benthic Fluxes of Fluorescent Dissolved Organic Material, Salt, and Heat Measured by Multiple-Sensor Aquatic Eddy Covariance
title Benthic Fluxes of Fluorescent Dissolved Organic Material, Salt, and Heat Measured by Multiple-Sensor Aquatic Eddy Covariance
title_full Benthic Fluxes of Fluorescent Dissolved Organic Material, Salt, and Heat Measured by Multiple-Sensor Aquatic Eddy Covariance
title_fullStr Benthic Fluxes of Fluorescent Dissolved Organic Material, Salt, and Heat Measured by Multiple-Sensor Aquatic Eddy Covariance
title_full_unstemmed Benthic Fluxes of Fluorescent Dissolved Organic Material, Salt, and Heat Measured by Multiple-Sensor Aquatic Eddy Covariance
title_short Benthic Fluxes of Fluorescent Dissolved Organic Material, Salt, and Heat Measured by Multiple-Sensor Aquatic Eddy Covariance
title_sort benthic fluxes of fluorescent dissolved organic material, salt, and heat measured by multiple-sensor aquatic eddy covariance
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9696887/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36433578
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22228984
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