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D-π-A-Type Pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine-Based Hole-Transporting Materials for Perovskite Solar Cells: Effect of the Functionalization Position
Donor–acceptor (D–A) small molecules are regarded as promising hole-transporting materials for perovskite solar cells (PSCs) due to their tunable optoelectronic properties. This paper reports the design, synthesis and characterization of three novel isomeric D-π-A small molecules PY1, PY2 and PY3. T...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2022
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9697137/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36431477 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15227992 |
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author | Bouihi, Fatiha Schmaltz, Bruno Mathevet, Fabrice Kreher, David Faure-Vincent, Jérôme Yildirim, Ceren Elhakmaoui, Ahmed Bouclé, Johann Akssira, Mohamed Tran-Van, François Abarbri, Mohamed |
author_facet | Bouihi, Fatiha Schmaltz, Bruno Mathevet, Fabrice Kreher, David Faure-Vincent, Jérôme Yildirim, Ceren Elhakmaoui, Ahmed Bouclé, Johann Akssira, Mohamed Tran-Van, François Abarbri, Mohamed |
author_sort | Bouihi, Fatiha |
collection | PubMed |
description | Donor–acceptor (D–A) small molecules are regarded as promising hole-transporting materials for perovskite solar cells (PSCs) due to their tunable optoelectronic properties. This paper reports the design, synthesis and characterization of three novel isomeric D-π-A small molecules PY1, PY2 and PY3. The chemical structures of the molecules consist of a pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine acceptor core functionalized with one 3,6-bis(4,4′-dimethoxydiphenylamino)carbazole (3,6-CzDMPA) donor moiety via a phenyl π-spacer at the 3, 5 and 7 positions, respectively. The isolated compounds possess suitable energy levels, sufficient thermal stability (T(d) > 400 °C), molecular glass behavior with T(g) values in the range of 127–136 °C slightly higher than that of the reference material Spiro-OMeTAD (126 °C) and acceptable hydrophobicity. Undoped PY1 demonstrates the highest hole mobility (3 × 10(−6) cm(2) V(−1) s(−1)) compared to PY2 and PY3 (1.3 × 10(−6) cm(2) V(−1) s(−1)). The whole isomers were incorporated as doped HTMs in planar n-i-p PSCs based on double cation perovskite FA(0.85)Cs(0.15)Pb(I(0.85)Br(0.15))(3). The non-optimized device fabricated using PY1 exhibited a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 12.41%, similar to that obtained using the reference, Spiro-OMeTAD, which demonstrated a maximum PCE of 12.58% under the same conditions. The PY2 and PY3 materials demonstrated slightly lower performance in device configuration, with relatively moderate PCEs of 10.21% and 10.82%, respectively, and slight hysteresis behavior (−0.01 and 0.02). The preliminary stability testing of PSCs is also described. The PY1-based device exhibited better stability than the device using Spiro-OMeTAD, which could be related to its slightly superior hydrophobic character preventing water diffusion into the perovskite layer. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9697137 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-96971372022-11-26 D-π-A-Type Pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine-Based Hole-Transporting Materials for Perovskite Solar Cells: Effect of the Functionalization Position Bouihi, Fatiha Schmaltz, Bruno Mathevet, Fabrice Kreher, David Faure-Vincent, Jérôme Yildirim, Ceren Elhakmaoui, Ahmed Bouclé, Johann Akssira, Mohamed Tran-Van, François Abarbri, Mohamed Materials (Basel) Article Donor–acceptor (D–A) small molecules are regarded as promising hole-transporting materials for perovskite solar cells (PSCs) due to their tunable optoelectronic properties. This paper reports the design, synthesis and characterization of three novel isomeric D-π-A small molecules PY1, PY2 and PY3. The chemical structures of the molecules consist of a pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine acceptor core functionalized with one 3,6-bis(4,4′-dimethoxydiphenylamino)carbazole (3,6-CzDMPA) donor moiety via a phenyl π-spacer at the 3, 5 and 7 positions, respectively. The isolated compounds possess suitable energy levels, sufficient thermal stability (T(d) > 400 °C), molecular glass behavior with T(g) values in the range of 127–136 °C slightly higher than that of the reference material Spiro-OMeTAD (126 °C) and acceptable hydrophobicity. Undoped PY1 demonstrates the highest hole mobility (3 × 10(−6) cm(2) V(−1) s(−1)) compared to PY2 and PY3 (1.3 × 10(−6) cm(2) V(−1) s(−1)). The whole isomers were incorporated as doped HTMs in planar n-i-p PSCs based on double cation perovskite FA(0.85)Cs(0.15)Pb(I(0.85)Br(0.15))(3). The non-optimized device fabricated using PY1 exhibited a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 12.41%, similar to that obtained using the reference, Spiro-OMeTAD, which demonstrated a maximum PCE of 12.58% under the same conditions. The PY2 and PY3 materials demonstrated slightly lower performance in device configuration, with relatively moderate PCEs of 10.21% and 10.82%, respectively, and slight hysteresis behavior (−0.01 and 0.02). The preliminary stability testing of PSCs is also described. The PY1-based device exhibited better stability than the device using Spiro-OMeTAD, which could be related to its slightly superior hydrophobic character preventing water diffusion into the perovskite layer. MDPI 2022-11-11 /pmc/articles/PMC9697137/ /pubmed/36431477 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15227992 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Bouihi, Fatiha Schmaltz, Bruno Mathevet, Fabrice Kreher, David Faure-Vincent, Jérôme Yildirim, Ceren Elhakmaoui, Ahmed Bouclé, Johann Akssira, Mohamed Tran-Van, François Abarbri, Mohamed D-π-A-Type Pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine-Based Hole-Transporting Materials for Perovskite Solar Cells: Effect of the Functionalization Position |
title | D-π-A-Type Pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine-Based Hole-Transporting Materials for Perovskite Solar Cells: Effect of the Functionalization Position |
title_full | D-π-A-Type Pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine-Based Hole-Transporting Materials for Perovskite Solar Cells: Effect of the Functionalization Position |
title_fullStr | D-π-A-Type Pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine-Based Hole-Transporting Materials for Perovskite Solar Cells: Effect of the Functionalization Position |
title_full_unstemmed | D-π-A-Type Pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine-Based Hole-Transporting Materials for Perovskite Solar Cells: Effect of the Functionalization Position |
title_short | D-π-A-Type Pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine-Based Hole-Transporting Materials for Perovskite Solar Cells: Effect of the Functionalization Position |
title_sort | d-π-a-type pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine-based hole-transporting materials for perovskite solar cells: effect of the functionalization position |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9697137/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36431477 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15227992 |
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