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Centrifugation-Assisted Solid-Phase Extraction Coupled with UPLC-MS/MS for the Determination of Mycotoxins in ARECAE Semen and Its Processed Products
Mycotoxins can occur naturally in a variety of agriculture products, including cereals, feeds, and Chinese herbal medicines (TCMs), via pre- and post-harvest contamination and are regulated worldwide. However, risk mitigation by monitoring for multiple mycotoxins remains a challenge using existing m...
Autores principales: | , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2022
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9697234/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36355992 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxins14110742 |
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author | Liang, Huanyan Hou, Qianyu Zhou, Yakui Zhang, Lei Yang, Meihua Zhao, Xiangsheng |
author_facet | Liang, Huanyan Hou, Qianyu Zhou, Yakui Zhang, Lei Yang, Meihua Zhao, Xiangsheng |
author_sort | Liang, Huanyan |
collection | PubMed |
description | Mycotoxins can occur naturally in a variety of agriculture products, including cereals, feeds, and Chinese herbal medicines (TCMs), via pre- and post-harvest contamination and are regulated worldwide. However, risk mitigation by monitoring for multiple mycotoxins remains a challenge using existing methods due to their complex matrices. A multi-toxin method for 22 mycotoxins (aflatoxin B(1), B(2), G(1), G(2), M(1), M(2); ochratoxin A, B, C; Fumonisin B(1), B(2), B(3); 15-acetyldeoxynivalenol, 3-acetyldeoxynivalenol, diace-toxyscirpenol, HT-2, T-2, deepoxy-deoxynivalenol, deoxynivalenol, neosolaniol, zearalenone, and sterigmatocystin) using centrifugation-assisted solid-phase extraction (SPE) clean-up prior to ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) analysis for Arecae Semen and its processed products was developed and validated. Several experimental parameters affecting the extraction and clean-up efficiency were systematically optimized. The results indicated good linearity in the range of 0.1–1000 μg/kg (r(2) > 0.99), low limits of detection (ranging from 0.04 μg/kg to 1.5 μg/kg), acceptable precisions, and satisfactory recoveries for the selected mycotoxins. The validated method was then applied to investigate mycotoxin contamination levels in Areca catechu and its processed products. The mycotoxins frequently contaminating Areca catechu were aflatoxins (AFs), and the average contamination level and number of co-occurring mycotoxins in the Arecae Semen slices (Binlangpian) were higher than those in commercially whole Arecae Semen and Arecae Semen Tostum (Jiaobinlang). Sterigmatocystin was detected in 5 out of 30 Arecae Semen slices. None of the investigated mycotoxins were detected in Arecae pericarpium (Dafupi). The results demonstrated that centrifugation-assisted SPE coupled with UHPLC-MS/MS can be a useful tool for the analysis of multiple mycotoxins in Areca catechu and its processed products. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9697234 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-96972342022-11-26 Centrifugation-Assisted Solid-Phase Extraction Coupled with UPLC-MS/MS for the Determination of Mycotoxins in ARECAE Semen and Its Processed Products Liang, Huanyan Hou, Qianyu Zhou, Yakui Zhang, Lei Yang, Meihua Zhao, Xiangsheng Toxins (Basel) Article Mycotoxins can occur naturally in a variety of agriculture products, including cereals, feeds, and Chinese herbal medicines (TCMs), via pre- and post-harvest contamination and are regulated worldwide. However, risk mitigation by monitoring for multiple mycotoxins remains a challenge using existing methods due to their complex matrices. A multi-toxin method for 22 mycotoxins (aflatoxin B(1), B(2), G(1), G(2), M(1), M(2); ochratoxin A, B, C; Fumonisin B(1), B(2), B(3); 15-acetyldeoxynivalenol, 3-acetyldeoxynivalenol, diace-toxyscirpenol, HT-2, T-2, deepoxy-deoxynivalenol, deoxynivalenol, neosolaniol, zearalenone, and sterigmatocystin) using centrifugation-assisted solid-phase extraction (SPE) clean-up prior to ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) analysis for Arecae Semen and its processed products was developed and validated. Several experimental parameters affecting the extraction and clean-up efficiency were systematically optimized. The results indicated good linearity in the range of 0.1–1000 μg/kg (r(2) > 0.99), low limits of detection (ranging from 0.04 μg/kg to 1.5 μg/kg), acceptable precisions, and satisfactory recoveries for the selected mycotoxins. The validated method was then applied to investigate mycotoxin contamination levels in Areca catechu and its processed products. The mycotoxins frequently contaminating Areca catechu were aflatoxins (AFs), and the average contamination level and number of co-occurring mycotoxins in the Arecae Semen slices (Binlangpian) were higher than those in commercially whole Arecae Semen and Arecae Semen Tostum (Jiaobinlang). Sterigmatocystin was detected in 5 out of 30 Arecae Semen slices. None of the investigated mycotoxins were detected in Arecae pericarpium (Dafupi). The results demonstrated that centrifugation-assisted SPE coupled with UHPLC-MS/MS can be a useful tool for the analysis of multiple mycotoxins in Areca catechu and its processed products. MDPI 2022-10-29 /pmc/articles/PMC9697234/ /pubmed/36355992 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxins14110742 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Liang, Huanyan Hou, Qianyu Zhou, Yakui Zhang, Lei Yang, Meihua Zhao, Xiangsheng Centrifugation-Assisted Solid-Phase Extraction Coupled with UPLC-MS/MS for the Determination of Mycotoxins in ARECAE Semen and Its Processed Products |
title | Centrifugation-Assisted Solid-Phase Extraction Coupled with UPLC-MS/MS for the Determination of Mycotoxins in ARECAE Semen and Its Processed Products |
title_full | Centrifugation-Assisted Solid-Phase Extraction Coupled with UPLC-MS/MS for the Determination of Mycotoxins in ARECAE Semen and Its Processed Products |
title_fullStr | Centrifugation-Assisted Solid-Phase Extraction Coupled with UPLC-MS/MS for the Determination of Mycotoxins in ARECAE Semen and Its Processed Products |
title_full_unstemmed | Centrifugation-Assisted Solid-Phase Extraction Coupled with UPLC-MS/MS for the Determination of Mycotoxins in ARECAE Semen and Its Processed Products |
title_short | Centrifugation-Assisted Solid-Phase Extraction Coupled with UPLC-MS/MS for the Determination of Mycotoxins in ARECAE Semen and Its Processed Products |
title_sort | centrifugation-assisted solid-phase extraction coupled with uplc-ms/ms for the determination of mycotoxins in arecae semen and its processed products |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9697234/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36355992 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxins14110742 |
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