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Molecular Mechanisms of Cartilage Repair and Their Possible Clinical Uses: A Review of Recent Developments

Articular cartilage (AC) defects are frequent but hard to manage. Osteoarthritis (OA) is a musculoskeletal illness that afflicts between 250 and 500 million people in the world. Even though traditional OA drugs can partly alleviate pain, these drugs cannot entirely cure OA. Since cartilaginous tissu...

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Autor principal: Rodríguez-Merchán, Emérito Carlos
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9697852/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36430749
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms232214272
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author Rodríguez-Merchán, Emérito Carlos
author_facet Rodríguez-Merchán, Emérito Carlos
author_sort Rodríguez-Merchán, Emérito Carlos
collection PubMed
description Articular cartilage (AC) defects are frequent but hard to manage. Osteoarthritis (OA) is a musculoskeletal illness that afflicts between 250 and 500 million people in the world. Even though traditional OA drugs can partly alleviate pain, these drugs cannot entirely cure OA. Since cartilaginous tissue of the joints has a poor self-repair capacity and very poor proliferative ability, the healing of injured cartilaginous tissue of the joint has not been accomplished so far. Consequently, the discovery of efficacious mediations and regenerative treatments for OA is needed. This manuscript reviews the basic concepts and the recent developments on the molecular mechanisms of cartilage repair and their potential clinical applications. For this purpose, a literature exploration was carried out in PubMed for the years 2020, 2021, and 2022. On 31 October 2022 and using “cartilage repair molecular mechanisms” as keywords, 41 articles were found in 2020, 42 in 2021, and 36 in 2022. Of the total of 119 articles, 80 were excluded as they were not directly related to the title of this manuscript. Of particular note are the advances concerning the mechanisms of action of hyaluronic acid, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), nanotechnology, enhancer of zeste 2 polycomb repressive complex 2 subunit (EHZ2), hesperetin, high mobility group box 2 (HMGB2), α2-macroglobulin (α2M), proteoglycan 4 (Prg4)/lubricin, and peptides related to cartilage repair and treatment of OA. Despite the progress made, current science has not yet achieved a definitive solution for healing AC lesions or repairing cartilage in the case of OA. Therefore, further research into the molecular mechanisms of AC damage is needed in the coming decades.
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spelling pubmed-96978522022-11-26 Molecular Mechanisms of Cartilage Repair and Their Possible Clinical Uses: A Review of Recent Developments Rodríguez-Merchán, Emérito Carlos Int J Mol Sci Review Articular cartilage (AC) defects are frequent but hard to manage. Osteoarthritis (OA) is a musculoskeletal illness that afflicts between 250 and 500 million people in the world. Even though traditional OA drugs can partly alleviate pain, these drugs cannot entirely cure OA. Since cartilaginous tissue of the joints has a poor self-repair capacity and very poor proliferative ability, the healing of injured cartilaginous tissue of the joint has not been accomplished so far. Consequently, the discovery of efficacious mediations and regenerative treatments for OA is needed. This manuscript reviews the basic concepts and the recent developments on the molecular mechanisms of cartilage repair and their potential clinical applications. For this purpose, a literature exploration was carried out in PubMed for the years 2020, 2021, and 2022. On 31 October 2022 and using “cartilage repair molecular mechanisms” as keywords, 41 articles were found in 2020, 42 in 2021, and 36 in 2022. Of the total of 119 articles, 80 were excluded as they were not directly related to the title of this manuscript. Of particular note are the advances concerning the mechanisms of action of hyaluronic acid, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), nanotechnology, enhancer of zeste 2 polycomb repressive complex 2 subunit (EHZ2), hesperetin, high mobility group box 2 (HMGB2), α2-macroglobulin (α2M), proteoglycan 4 (Prg4)/lubricin, and peptides related to cartilage repair and treatment of OA. Despite the progress made, current science has not yet achieved a definitive solution for healing AC lesions or repairing cartilage in the case of OA. Therefore, further research into the molecular mechanisms of AC damage is needed in the coming decades. MDPI 2022-11-17 /pmc/articles/PMC9697852/ /pubmed/36430749 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms232214272 Text en © 2022 by the author. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Review
Rodríguez-Merchán, Emérito Carlos
Molecular Mechanisms of Cartilage Repair and Their Possible Clinical Uses: A Review of Recent Developments
title Molecular Mechanisms of Cartilage Repair and Their Possible Clinical Uses: A Review of Recent Developments
title_full Molecular Mechanisms of Cartilage Repair and Their Possible Clinical Uses: A Review of Recent Developments
title_fullStr Molecular Mechanisms of Cartilage Repair and Their Possible Clinical Uses: A Review of Recent Developments
title_full_unstemmed Molecular Mechanisms of Cartilage Repair and Their Possible Clinical Uses: A Review of Recent Developments
title_short Molecular Mechanisms of Cartilage Repair and Their Possible Clinical Uses: A Review of Recent Developments
title_sort molecular mechanisms of cartilage repair and their possible clinical uses: a review of recent developments
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9697852/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36430749
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms232214272
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