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Neuroprotection in Glaucoma: Basic Aspects and Clinical Relevance
Glaucoma is a neurodegenerative disease that affects primarily the retinal ganglion cells (RGCs). Increased intraocular pressure (IOP) is one of the major risk factors for glaucoma. The mainstay of current glaucoma therapy is limited to lowering IOP; however, controlling IOP in certain patients can...
Autores principales: | , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2022
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9697907/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36579616 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jpm12111884 |
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author | Kuo, Che-Yuan Liu, Catherine Jui-Ling |
author_facet | Kuo, Che-Yuan Liu, Catherine Jui-Ling |
author_sort | Kuo, Che-Yuan |
collection | PubMed |
description | Glaucoma is a neurodegenerative disease that affects primarily the retinal ganglion cells (RGCs). Increased intraocular pressure (IOP) is one of the major risk factors for glaucoma. The mainstay of current glaucoma therapy is limited to lowering IOP; however, controlling IOP in certain patients can be futile in slowing disease progression. The understanding of potential biomolecular processes that occur in glaucomatous degeneration allows for the development of glaucoma treatments that modulate the death of RGCs. Neuroprotection is the modification of RGCs and the microenvironment of neurons to promote neuron survival and function. Numerous studies have revealed effective neuroprotection modalities in animal models of glaucoma; nevertheless, clinical translation remains a major challenge. In this review, we select the most clinically relevant treatment strategies, summarize preclinical and clinical data as well as recent therapeutic advances in IOP-independent neuroprotection research, and discuss the feasibility and hurdles of each therapeutic approach based on possible pathogenic mechanisms. We also summarize the potential therapeutic mechanisms of various agents in neuroprotection related to glutamate excitotoxicity. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9697907 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-96979072022-11-26 Neuroprotection in Glaucoma: Basic Aspects and Clinical Relevance Kuo, Che-Yuan Liu, Catherine Jui-Ling J Pers Med Review Glaucoma is a neurodegenerative disease that affects primarily the retinal ganglion cells (RGCs). Increased intraocular pressure (IOP) is one of the major risk factors for glaucoma. The mainstay of current glaucoma therapy is limited to lowering IOP; however, controlling IOP in certain patients can be futile in slowing disease progression. The understanding of potential biomolecular processes that occur in glaucomatous degeneration allows for the development of glaucoma treatments that modulate the death of RGCs. Neuroprotection is the modification of RGCs and the microenvironment of neurons to promote neuron survival and function. Numerous studies have revealed effective neuroprotection modalities in animal models of glaucoma; nevertheless, clinical translation remains a major challenge. In this review, we select the most clinically relevant treatment strategies, summarize preclinical and clinical data as well as recent therapeutic advances in IOP-independent neuroprotection research, and discuss the feasibility and hurdles of each therapeutic approach based on possible pathogenic mechanisms. We also summarize the potential therapeutic mechanisms of various agents in neuroprotection related to glutamate excitotoxicity. MDPI 2022-11-10 /pmc/articles/PMC9697907/ /pubmed/36579616 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jpm12111884 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Review Kuo, Che-Yuan Liu, Catherine Jui-Ling Neuroprotection in Glaucoma: Basic Aspects and Clinical Relevance |
title | Neuroprotection in Glaucoma: Basic Aspects and Clinical Relevance |
title_full | Neuroprotection in Glaucoma: Basic Aspects and Clinical Relevance |
title_fullStr | Neuroprotection in Glaucoma: Basic Aspects and Clinical Relevance |
title_full_unstemmed | Neuroprotection in Glaucoma: Basic Aspects and Clinical Relevance |
title_short | Neuroprotection in Glaucoma: Basic Aspects and Clinical Relevance |
title_sort | neuroprotection in glaucoma: basic aspects and clinical relevance |
topic | Review |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9697907/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36579616 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jpm12111884 |
work_keys_str_mv | AT kuocheyuan neuroprotectioninglaucomabasicaspectsandclinicalrelevance AT liucatherinejuiling neuroprotectioninglaucomabasicaspectsandclinicalrelevance |