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Antibacterial Properties and Potential Mechanism of Serum from Chinese Alligator
The Chinese alligator (Alligator sinensis) is an ancient reptile with strong immunity that lives in wetland environments. This study tested the antibacterial ability of Chinese alligator serum (CAS) against Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa an...
Autores principales: | , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2022
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9698150/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36363802 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms10112210 |
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author | Hu, Meng-Yuan Chen, Yi-Wen Chai, Zhi-Fan Wang, Yin-Zhi Lin, Jian-Qing Fang, Sheng-Guo |
author_facet | Hu, Meng-Yuan Chen, Yi-Wen Chai, Zhi-Fan Wang, Yin-Zhi Lin, Jian-Qing Fang, Sheng-Guo |
author_sort | Hu, Meng-Yuan |
collection | PubMed |
description | The Chinese alligator (Alligator sinensis) is an ancient reptile with strong immunity that lives in wetland environments. This study tested the antibacterial ability of Chinese alligator serum (CAS) against Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa and analyzed the potential underlying mechanisms. Results showed that the CAS had a marked antibacterial effect on K. pneumoniae, E. coli, and P. aeruginosa, while S. aureus was only mildly affected. However, these effects disappeared when Protease K was added to the serum. The serum proteome analysis revealed that the antibacterial ability of CAS was produced by interactions among various proteins and that the complement proteins played a major antibacterial role. Therefore, we made relevant predictions about the structure and function of complement component 3. In addition, sequence alignment and phylogenetic analysis of complement component 3d (C3d) in four mammalian species and two alligator species showed that the amino acids that make up the acid pocket on the concave surface of alligator C3d are not identical to those in mammals. This study provided evidence that CAS elicits significant antibacterial effects against some pathogens and provides the basis for further development of novel antibacterial drugs. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9698150 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-96981502022-11-26 Antibacterial Properties and Potential Mechanism of Serum from Chinese Alligator Hu, Meng-Yuan Chen, Yi-Wen Chai, Zhi-Fan Wang, Yin-Zhi Lin, Jian-Qing Fang, Sheng-Guo Microorganisms Article The Chinese alligator (Alligator sinensis) is an ancient reptile with strong immunity that lives in wetland environments. This study tested the antibacterial ability of Chinese alligator serum (CAS) against Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa and analyzed the potential underlying mechanisms. Results showed that the CAS had a marked antibacterial effect on K. pneumoniae, E. coli, and P. aeruginosa, while S. aureus was only mildly affected. However, these effects disappeared when Protease K was added to the serum. The serum proteome analysis revealed that the antibacterial ability of CAS was produced by interactions among various proteins and that the complement proteins played a major antibacterial role. Therefore, we made relevant predictions about the structure and function of complement component 3. In addition, sequence alignment and phylogenetic analysis of complement component 3d (C3d) in four mammalian species and two alligator species showed that the amino acids that make up the acid pocket on the concave surface of alligator C3d are not identical to those in mammals. This study provided evidence that CAS elicits significant antibacterial effects against some pathogens and provides the basis for further development of novel antibacterial drugs. MDPI 2022-11-08 /pmc/articles/PMC9698150/ /pubmed/36363802 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms10112210 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Hu, Meng-Yuan Chen, Yi-Wen Chai, Zhi-Fan Wang, Yin-Zhi Lin, Jian-Qing Fang, Sheng-Guo Antibacterial Properties and Potential Mechanism of Serum from Chinese Alligator |
title | Antibacterial Properties and Potential Mechanism of Serum from Chinese Alligator |
title_full | Antibacterial Properties and Potential Mechanism of Serum from Chinese Alligator |
title_fullStr | Antibacterial Properties and Potential Mechanism of Serum from Chinese Alligator |
title_full_unstemmed | Antibacterial Properties and Potential Mechanism of Serum from Chinese Alligator |
title_short | Antibacterial Properties and Potential Mechanism of Serum from Chinese Alligator |
title_sort | antibacterial properties and potential mechanism of serum from chinese alligator |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9698150/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36363802 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms10112210 |
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