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Design and Manufacturing of Equipment for Investigation of Low Frequency Bioimpedance
The purpose of this study was to highlight a method of making equipment for the investigation of low frequency bioimpedance. A constant current with an average value of I = 100 µA is injected into the human body via means of current injection electrodes, and the biological signal is taken from the e...
Autores principales: | , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2022
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9698562/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36363879 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi13111858 |
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author | Pîslaru-Dănescu, Lucian Zărnescu, George-Claudiu Telipan, Gabriela Stoica, Victor |
author_facet | Pîslaru-Dănescu, Lucian Zărnescu, George-Claudiu Telipan, Gabriela Stoica, Victor |
author_sort | Pîslaru-Dănescu, Lucian |
collection | PubMed |
description | The purpose of this study was to highlight a method of making equipment for the investigation of low frequency bioimpedance. A constant current with an average value of I = 100 µA is injected into the human body via means of current injection electrodes, and the biological signal is taken from the electrodes of electric potential charged with the biopotentials generated by the human body. The resulting voltage, ΔU is processed by the electronic conditioning system. The mathematical model of the four-electrode system in contact with the skin, and considering a target organ, was simplified to a single equivalent impedance. The capacitive filter low passes down from the differential input of the first instrumentation amplifier together with the isolated capacitive barrier integrated in the precision isolated secondary amplifier and maintains the biological signal taken from the electrodes charged with the undistorted biopotentials generated by the human body. Mass loops are avoided, and any electric shocks or electrostatic discharges are prevented. In addition, for small amplitudes of the biological signal, electromagnetic interferences of below 100 Hz of the power supply network were eliminated by using an active fourth-order Bessel filtering module. The measurements performed for the low frequency of f = 100 Hz on the volunteers showed for the investigated organs that the bioelectrical resistivities vary from 90 Ωcm up to 450 Ωcm, and that these are in agreement with other published and disseminated results for each body zone. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9698562 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-96985622022-11-26 Design and Manufacturing of Equipment for Investigation of Low Frequency Bioimpedance Pîslaru-Dănescu, Lucian Zărnescu, George-Claudiu Telipan, Gabriela Stoica, Victor Micromachines (Basel) Article The purpose of this study was to highlight a method of making equipment for the investigation of low frequency bioimpedance. A constant current with an average value of I = 100 µA is injected into the human body via means of current injection electrodes, and the biological signal is taken from the electrodes of electric potential charged with the biopotentials generated by the human body. The resulting voltage, ΔU is processed by the electronic conditioning system. The mathematical model of the four-electrode system in contact with the skin, and considering a target organ, was simplified to a single equivalent impedance. The capacitive filter low passes down from the differential input of the first instrumentation amplifier together with the isolated capacitive barrier integrated in the precision isolated secondary amplifier and maintains the biological signal taken from the electrodes charged with the undistorted biopotentials generated by the human body. Mass loops are avoided, and any electric shocks or electrostatic discharges are prevented. In addition, for small amplitudes of the biological signal, electromagnetic interferences of below 100 Hz of the power supply network were eliminated by using an active fourth-order Bessel filtering module. The measurements performed for the low frequency of f = 100 Hz on the volunteers showed for the investigated organs that the bioelectrical resistivities vary from 90 Ωcm up to 450 Ωcm, and that these are in agreement with other published and disseminated results for each body zone. MDPI 2022-10-29 /pmc/articles/PMC9698562/ /pubmed/36363879 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi13111858 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Pîslaru-Dănescu, Lucian Zărnescu, George-Claudiu Telipan, Gabriela Stoica, Victor Design and Manufacturing of Equipment for Investigation of Low Frequency Bioimpedance |
title | Design and Manufacturing of Equipment for Investigation of Low Frequency Bioimpedance |
title_full | Design and Manufacturing of Equipment for Investigation of Low Frequency Bioimpedance |
title_fullStr | Design and Manufacturing of Equipment for Investigation of Low Frequency Bioimpedance |
title_full_unstemmed | Design and Manufacturing of Equipment for Investigation of Low Frequency Bioimpedance |
title_short | Design and Manufacturing of Equipment for Investigation of Low Frequency Bioimpedance |
title_sort | design and manufacturing of equipment for investigation of low frequency bioimpedance |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9698562/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36363879 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi13111858 |
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