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Advances in Targeted Immunotherapy for Hepatobiliary Cancers
Cancer of the hepatobiliary system can be divided into primary liver cancer and biliary tract cancer (BTC), which includes hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), cholangiocarcinoma (CCA), and gallbladder cancer (GBC). These aggressive cancers often present at an advanced stage or among patients with poorly...
Autores principales: | , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2022
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9698563/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36430440 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms232213961 |
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author | Ruff, Samantha M. Shannon, Alexander H. Pawlik, Timothy M. |
author_facet | Ruff, Samantha M. Shannon, Alexander H. Pawlik, Timothy M. |
author_sort | Ruff, Samantha M. |
collection | PubMed |
description | Cancer of the hepatobiliary system can be divided into primary liver cancer and biliary tract cancer (BTC), which includes hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), cholangiocarcinoma (CCA), and gallbladder cancer (GBC). These aggressive cancers often present at an advanced stage or among patients with poorly preserved liver function. The primary treatment for HCC and BTC when diagnosed early is surgical resection, but given the high rate of recurrence and often advanced stage at diagnosis, many patients will require systemic therapy. Unfortunately, even with systemic therapy, long-term survival is poor. The immune system plays an important role in preventing cancer progression. The unique immune environment of the liver and subsequent alterations to the immune microenvironment by tumor cells to create a favorable microenvironment plays a key role in the progression of HCC and BTC. Due to the paucity of effective systemic therapies and distinctive immune environment of the liver, research and clinical trials are investigating the use of immunotherapy in HCC and BTC. This review will focus on current immunotherapies and emerging data for the treatment of HCC and BTC. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9698563 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-96985632022-11-26 Advances in Targeted Immunotherapy for Hepatobiliary Cancers Ruff, Samantha M. Shannon, Alexander H. Pawlik, Timothy M. Int J Mol Sci Review Cancer of the hepatobiliary system can be divided into primary liver cancer and biliary tract cancer (BTC), which includes hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), cholangiocarcinoma (CCA), and gallbladder cancer (GBC). These aggressive cancers often present at an advanced stage or among patients with poorly preserved liver function. The primary treatment for HCC and BTC when diagnosed early is surgical resection, but given the high rate of recurrence and often advanced stage at diagnosis, many patients will require systemic therapy. Unfortunately, even with systemic therapy, long-term survival is poor. The immune system plays an important role in preventing cancer progression. The unique immune environment of the liver and subsequent alterations to the immune microenvironment by tumor cells to create a favorable microenvironment plays a key role in the progression of HCC and BTC. Due to the paucity of effective systemic therapies and distinctive immune environment of the liver, research and clinical trials are investigating the use of immunotherapy in HCC and BTC. This review will focus on current immunotherapies and emerging data for the treatment of HCC and BTC. MDPI 2022-11-12 /pmc/articles/PMC9698563/ /pubmed/36430440 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms232213961 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Review Ruff, Samantha M. Shannon, Alexander H. Pawlik, Timothy M. Advances in Targeted Immunotherapy for Hepatobiliary Cancers |
title | Advances in Targeted Immunotherapy for Hepatobiliary Cancers |
title_full | Advances in Targeted Immunotherapy for Hepatobiliary Cancers |
title_fullStr | Advances in Targeted Immunotherapy for Hepatobiliary Cancers |
title_full_unstemmed | Advances in Targeted Immunotherapy for Hepatobiliary Cancers |
title_short | Advances in Targeted Immunotherapy for Hepatobiliary Cancers |
title_sort | advances in targeted immunotherapy for hepatobiliary cancers |
topic | Review |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9698563/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36430440 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms232213961 |
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