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Quantification of Antiviral Cytokines in Serum, Cerebrospinal Fluid and Urine of Patients with Tick-Borne Encephalitis in Croatia

Background: Tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) is one of the most significant arboviruses affecting the human central nervous system (CNS) in Europe. Data on cytokine response in TBEV infection are limited. Methods: We analyzed the cytokine response in serum, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and urine sa...

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Autores principales: Zidovec-Lepej, Snjezana, Vilibic-Cavlek, Tatjana, Ilic, Maja, Gorenec, Lana, Grgic, Ivana, Bogdanic, Maja, Radmanic, Leona, Ferenc, Thomas, Sabadi, Dario, Savic, Vladimir, Hruskar, Zeljka, Svitek, Luka, Stevanovic, Vladimir, Peric, Ljiljana, Lisnjic, Dubravka, Lakoseljac, Danijela, Roncevic, Dobrica, Barbic, Ljubo
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9698853/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36366333
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vaccines10111825
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author Zidovec-Lepej, Snjezana
Vilibic-Cavlek, Tatjana
Ilic, Maja
Gorenec, Lana
Grgic, Ivana
Bogdanic, Maja
Radmanic, Leona
Ferenc, Thomas
Sabadi, Dario
Savic, Vladimir
Hruskar, Zeljka
Svitek, Luka
Stevanovic, Vladimir
Peric, Ljiljana
Lisnjic, Dubravka
Lakoseljac, Danijela
Roncevic, Dobrica
Barbic, Ljubo
author_facet Zidovec-Lepej, Snjezana
Vilibic-Cavlek, Tatjana
Ilic, Maja
Gorenec, Lana
Grgic, Ivana
Bogdanic, Maja
Radmanic, Leona
Ferenc, Thomas
Sabadi, Dario
Savic, Vladimir
Hruskar, Zeljka
Svitek, Luka
Stevanovic, Vladimir
Peric, Ljiljana
Lisnjic, Dubravka
Lakoseljac, Danijela
Roncevic, Dobrica
Barbic, Ljubo
author_sort Zidovec-Lepej, Snjezana
collection PubMed
description Background: Tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) is one of the most significant arboviruses affecting the human central nervous system (CNS) in Europe. Data on cytokine response in TBEV infection are limited. Methods: We analyzed the cytokine response in serum, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and urine samples of patients with TBE. The control group consisted of patients with ‘febrile headache’ who had normal CSF cytology. The panel included 12 cytokines: TNF-α, IL-6, Th1 (IL-2, IFN-γ), Th2 (IL-4, IL-5, IL-13), Th9 (IL-9), Th17 (IL-17A, IL-17F), Th22 (IL-22) cytokines and IL-10. Results: TBE patients were more likely to have increased levels of IL-6 and IFN-γ in CSF compared to controls (85.7% vs. 58.8% and 85.7% vs. 47.1%, respectively). However, concentrations of IL-6 (the most abundant cytokine in the CSF of both groups), IL-10 and IL-9 were lower in TBEV patients compared with controls, but the difference was statistically significant for IL-9 only (p = 0.001). By analyzing the cytokine levels in different clinical samples, all measured cytokines were detected in the serum, with the highest concentrations found for IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-10, IL-17F and IL-22. Higher concentrations of cytokines in the CSF compared with serum were observed for IL-5, IL-6 and IL-22. All cytokines except IL-13 were detectable in urine but in a small proportion of patients, except for IL-22, which was detectable in 95.8% of patients. Conclusions: Cytokine composition in different clinical samples of TBE patients reveals a different network of early innate immune response cytokines, Th1, Th2, Th9, Th22, Th17 and anti-inflammatory cytokines.
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spelling pubmed-96988532022-11-26 Quantification of Antiviral Cytokines in Serum, Cerebrospinal Fluid and Urine of Patients with Tick-Borne Encephalitis in Croatia Zidovec-Lepej, Snjezana Vilibic-Cavlek, Tatjana Ilic, Maja Gorenec, Lana Grgic, Ivana Bogdanic, Maja Radmanic, Leona Ferenc, Thomas Sabadi, Dario Savic, Vladimir Hruskar, Zeljka Svitek, Luka Stevanovic, Vladimir Peric, Ljiljana Lisnjic, Dubravka Lakoseljac, Danijela Roncevic, Dobrica Barbic, Ljubo Vaccines (Basel) Article Background: Tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) is one of the most significant arboviruses affecting the human central nervous system (CNS) in Europe. Data on cytokine response in TBEV infection are limited. Methods: We analyzed the cytokine response in serum, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and urine samples of patients with TBE. The control group consisted of patients with ‘febrile headache’ who had normal CSF cytology. The panel included 12 cytokines: TNF-α, IL-6, Th1 (IL-2, IFN-γ), Th2 (IL-4, IL-5, IL-13), Th9 (IL-9), Th17 (IL-17A, IL-17F), Th22 (IL-22) cytokines and IL-10. Results: TBE patients were more likely to have increased levels of IL-6 and IFN-γ in CSF compared to controls (85.7% vs. 58.8% and 85.7% vs. 47.1%, respectively). However, concentrations of IL-6 (the most abundant cytokine in the CSF of both groups), IL-10 and IL-9 were lower in TBEV patients compared with controls, but the difference was statistically significant for IL-9 only (p = 0.001). By analyzing the cytokine levels in different clinical samples, all measured cytokines were detected in the serum, with the highest concentrations found for IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-10, IL-17F and IL-22. Higher concentrations of cytokines in the CSF compared with serum were observed for IL-5, IL-6 and IL-22. All cytokines except IL-13 were detectable in urine but in a small proportion of patients, except for IL-22, which was detectable in 95.8% of patients. Conclusions: Cytokine composition in different clinical samples of TBE patients reveals a different network of early innate immune response cytokines, Th1, Th2, Th9, Th22, Th17 and anti-inflammatory cytokines. MDPI 2022-10-29 /pmc/articles/PMC9698853/ /pubmed/36366333 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vaccines10111825 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Zidovec-Lepej, Snjezana
Vilibic-Cavlek, Tatjana
Ilic, Maja
Gorenec, Lana
Grgic, Ivana
Bogdanic, Maja
Radmanic, Leona
Ferenc, Thomas
Sabadi, Dario
Savic, Vladimir
Hruskar, Zeljka
Svitek, Luka
Stevanovic, Vladimir
Peric, Ljiljana
Lisnjic, Dubravka
Lakoseljac, Danijela
Roncevic, Dobrica
Barbic, Ljubo
Quantification of Antiviral Cytokines in Serum, Cerebrospinal Fluid and Urine of Patients with Tick-Borne Encephalitis in Croatia
title Quantification of Antiviral Cytokines in Serum, Cerebrospinal Fluid and Urine of Patients with Tick-Borne Encephalitis in Croatia
title_full Quantification of Antiviral Cytokines in Serum, Cerebrospinal Fluid and Urine of Patients with Tick-Borne Encephalitis in Croatia
title_fullStr Quantification of Antiviral Cytokines in Serum, Cerebrospinal Fluid and Urine of Patients with Tick-Borne Encephalitis in Croatia
title_full_unstemmed Quantification of Antiviral Cytokines in Serum, Cerebrospinal Fluid and Urine of Patients with Tick-Borne Encephalitis in Croatia
title_short Quantification of Antiviral Cytokines in Serum, Cerebrospinal Fluid and Urine of Patients with Tick-Borne Encephalitis in Croatia
title_sort quantification of antiviral cytokines in serum, cerebrospinal fluid and urine of patients with tick-borne encephalitis in croatia
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9698853/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36366333
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vaccines10111825
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