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The Challenging Diagnosis of Interstitial Lung Disease in Children—One Case Report and Literature Review

Childhood interstitial lung disease (chILD) includes a heterogeneous spectrum of rare respiratory disorders in children associated with substantial morbi-mortality. Interstitial tissue, and other pulmonary structures, epithelium, blood vessels, or pleura are involved, resulting in a restrictive lung...

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Autores principales: Ionescu, Marcela Daniela, Popescu, Nicoleta Aurelia, Stănescu, Diana, Enculescu, Augustina, Bălgrădean, Mihaela, Căpitănescu, Georgiana Mihaela, Bumbăcea, Dragos
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9698870/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36431212
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm11226736
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author Ionescu, Marcela Daniela
Popescu, Nicoleta Aurelia
Stănescu, Diana
Enculescu, Augustina
Bălgrădean, Mihaela
Căpitănescu, Georgiana Mihaela
Bumbăcea, Dragos
author_facet Ionescu, Marcela Daniela
Popescu, Nicoleta Aurelia
Stănescu, Diana
Enculescu, Augustina
Bălgrădean, Mihaela
Căpitănescu, Georgiana Mihaela
Bumbăcea, Dragos
author_sort Ionescu, Marcela Daniela
collection PubMed
description Childhood interstitial lung disease (chILD) includes a heterogeneous spectrum of rare respiratory disorders in children associated with substantial morbi-mortality. Interstitial tissue, and other pulmonary structures, epithelium, blood vessels, or pleura are involved, resulting in a restrictive lung disfunction. Respiratory symptoms set in progressively and are often subtle, making thorough clinical history and physical examination fundamental. The etiology often is obscure. The clinical presentation mimics pneumonia or asthma, leading to a diagnostic delay. Challenging diagnosis may require genetic tests, bronchoalveolar lavage, or lung biopsy. Alongside general supportive therapeutic measures, anti-inflammatory, immunosuppressive or antifibrotic agents may be used, based on data derived from adult studies. However, if accurate diagnosis and treatment are delayed, irreversible chronic respiratory failure may ensue, impacting prognosis. The most frequent chILD is hypersensitivity pneumonitis (HP), although it is rare in children. HP is associated with exposure to an environmental antigen, resulting in inflammation of the airways. Detailed antigen exposure history and identification of the inciting trigger are the cornerstones of diagnostic. This article provides the current state of chILD, revealing specific features of HP, based on a clinical case report of a patient admitted in our clinic, requiring extensive investigations for diagnosis, with a favorable long-term outcome.
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spelling pubmed-96988702022-11-26 The Challenging Diagnosis of Interstitial Lung Disease in Children—One Case Report and Literature Review Ionescu, Marcela Daniela Popescu, Nicoleta Aurelia Stănescu, Diana Enculescu, Augustina Bălgrădean, Mihaela Căpitănescu, Georgiana Mihaela Bumbăcea, Dragos J Clin Med Article Childhood interstitial lung disease (chILD) includes a heterogeneous spectrum of rare respiratory disorders in children associated with substantial morbi-mortality. Interstitial tissue, and other pulmonary structures, epithelium, blood vessels, or pleura are involved, resulting in a restrictive lung disfunction. Respiratory symptoms set in progressively and are often subtle, making thorough clinical history and physical examination fundamental. The etiology often is obscure. The clinical presentation mimics pneumonia or asthma, leading to a diagnostic delay. Challenging diagnosis may require genetic tests, bronchoalveolar lavage, or lung biopsy. Alongside general supportive therapeutic measures, anti-inflammatory, immunosuppressive or antifibrotic agents may be used, based on data derived from adult studies. However, if accurate diagnosis and treatment are delayed, irreversible chronic respiratory failure may ensue, impacting prognosis. The most frequent chILD is hypersensitivity pneumonitis (HP), although it is rare in children. HP is associated with exposure to an environmental antigen, resulting in inflammation of the airways. Detailed antigen exposure history and identification of the inciting trigger are the cornerstones of diagnostic. This article provides the current state of chILD, revealing specific features of HP, based on a clinical case report of a patient admitted in our clinic, requiring extensive investigations for diagnosis, with a favorable long-term outcome. MDPI 2022-11-14 /pmc/articles/PMC9698870/ /pubmed/36431212 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm11226736 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Ionescu, Marcela Daniela
Popescu, Nicoleta Aurelia
Stănescu, Diana
Enculescu, Augustina
Bălgrădean, Mihaela
Căpitănescu, Georgiana Mihaela
Bumbăcea, Dragos
The Challenging Diagnosis of Interstitial Lung Disease in Children—One Case Report and Literature Review
title The Challenging Diagnosis of Interstitial Lung Disease in Children—One Case Report and Literature Review
title_full The Challenging Diagnosis of Interstitial Lung Disease in Children—One Case Report and Literature Review
title_fullStr The Challenging Diagnosis of Interstitial Lung Disease in Children—One Case Report and Literature Review
title_full_unstemmed The Challenging Diagnosis of Interstitial Lung Disease in Children—One Case Report and Literature Review
title_short The Challenging Diagnosis of Interstitial Lung Disease in Children—One Case Report and Literature Review
title_sort challenging diagnosis of interstitial lung disease in children—one case report and literature review
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9698870/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36431212
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm11226736
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