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Toxin Profile of Two Gymnodinium catenatum Strains from Iberian Coastal Waters
Gymnodinium catenatum has been the main species responsible for paralytic shellfish poisoning events along the Portuguese coast (Iberian Peninsula), causing bans on bivalve harvesting that result in huge economic losses. This work presents the characterization of two novel isolates of G. catenatum r...
Autores principales: | , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2022
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9699220/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36356012 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxins14110762 |
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author | Leal, Joana F. Bombo, Gabriel Pereira, Hugo Vicente, Bernardo Amorim, Ana Cristiano, Maria L. S. |
author_facet | Leal, Joana F. Bombo, Gabriel Pereira, Hugo Vicente, Bernardo Amorim, Ana Cristiano, Maria L. S. |
author_sort | Leal, Joana F. |
collection | PubMed |
description | Gymnodinium catenatum has been the main species responsible for paralytic shellfish poisoning events along the Portuguese coast (Iberian Peninsula), causing bans on bivalve harvesting that result in huge economic losses. This work presents the characterization of two novel isolates of G. catenatum regarding their growth and toxin profiles. Laboratory growth experiments revealed that, although low growth rates were obtained during cultivation, the cell yields were high compared to those reported in the literature. Evaluation of the toxin profiles, by HPLC-FLD, essentially confirmed the typical composition of toxins of this regional population (Iberian Peninsula), namely, the absence or low representation of the toxins dcNEO, GTX1,4 and NEO and a higher ratio of the toxins C1,2, GTX6 and GTX5. However, the percentage of the identified toxins varied among the strains of this study (under the same isolation, growth, and analysis conditions), and also differed from that of other strains described in the literature. Interestingly, we found a comparatively high abundance of dcSTX in both strains, relative to the other toxins, and an unquantifiable amount of C3,4 toxins. In addition to the geographic relationship between toxin profiles, chemical conversions among toxins may explain some differences encountered in the toxin profiles of G. catenatum strains. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9699220 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-96992202022-11-26 Toxin Profile of Two Gymnodinium catenatum Strains from Iberian Coastal Waters Leal, Joana F. Bombo, Gabriel Pereira, Hugo Vicente, Bernardo Amorim, Ana Cristiano, Maria L. S. Toxins (Basel) Article Gymnodinium catenatum has been the main species responsible for paralytic shellfish poisoning events along the Portuguese coast (Iberian Peninsula), causing bans on bivalve harvesting that result in huge economic losses. This work presents the characterization of two novel isolates of G. catenatum regarding their growth and toxin profiles. Laboratory growth experiments revealed that, although low growth rates were obtained during cultivation, the cell yields were high compared to those reported in the literature. Evaluation of the toxin profiles, by HPLC-FLD, essentially confirmed the typical composition of toxins of this regional population (Iberian Peninsula), namely, the absence or low representation of the toxins dcNEO, GTX1,4 and NEO and a higher ratio of the toxins C1,2, GTX6 and GTX5. However, the percentage of the identified toxins varied among the strains of this study (under the same isolation, growth, and analysis conditions), and also differed from that of other strains described in the literature. Interestingly, we found a comparatively high abundance of dcSTX in both strains, relative to the other toxins, and an unquantifiable amount of C3,4 toxins. In addition to the geographic relationship between toxin profiles, chemical conversions among toxins may explain some differences encountered in the toxin profiles of G. catenatum strains. MDPI 2022-11-04 /pmc/articles/PMC9699220/ /pubmed/36356012 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxins14110762 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Leal, Joana F. Bombo, Gabriel Pereira, Hugo Vicente, Bernardo Amorim, Ana Cristiano, Maria L. S. Toxin Profile of Two Gymnodinium catenatum Strains from Iberian Coastal Waters |
title | Toxin Profile of Two Gymnodinium catenatum Strains from Iberian Coastal Waters |
title_full | Toxin Profile of Two Gymnodinium catenatum Strains from Iberian Coastal Waters |
title_fullStr | Toxin Profile of Two Gymnodinium catenatum Strains from Iberian Coastal Waters |
title_full_unstemmed | Toxin Profile of Two Gymnodinium catenatum Strains from Iberian Coastal Waters |
title_short | Toxin Profile of Two Gymnodinium catenatum Strains from Iberian Coastal Waters |
title_sort | toxin profile of two gymnodinium catenatum strains from iberian coastal waters |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9699220/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36356012 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxins14110762 |
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