Cargando…
Existing Policies/Guidelines on the Environmental Dimension of Antimicrobial Resistance in India: An Insight into the Key Facets through Review and SWOT Analysis
Background: Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a multidimensional phenomenon. The environment acts as a mixing pot of drug-resistant bacteria from many sources such as pharmaceutical, biomedical, veterinary, and agricultural sectors. In this study, we analysed the existing AMR-related policies/guidel...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , , , |
---|---|
Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2022
|
Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9699572/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36355880 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/tropicalmed7110336 |
_version_ | 1784839107172630528 |
---|---|
author | Debnath, Falguni Chakraborty, Debjit Giri, Sandip Saha, Shatabdi Pyne, Soume Chakraverty, Raja Majumdar, Agniva Deb, Alok Kumar Diwan, Vishal Bhatia, Rajesh Dutta, Shanta |
author_facet | Debnath, Falguni Chakraborty, Debjit Giri, Sandip Saha, Shatabdi Pyne, Soume Chakraverty, Raja Majumdar, Agniva Deb, Alok Kumar Diwan, Vishal Bhatia, Rajesh Dutta, Shanta |
author_sort | Debnath, Falguni |
collection | PubMed |
description | Background: Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a multidimensional phenomenon. The environment acts as a mixing pot of drug-resistant bacteria from many sources such as pharmaceutical, biomedical, veterinary, and agricultural sectors. In this study, we analysed the existing AMR-related policies/guidelines/legislations in India in the above domains and how the current practices are being guided by them. Methods: We used a convergent parallel mix method design. Quantitative data were collected through a review of policies/guidelines/legislations in the said domains and analysed using the SWOT tool parallelly supported by key informant interviews of domain-specific stakeholders. Results: Altogether, 19 existing AMR policies/guidelines/legislations were identified. The existence of few policies/guidelines in each domain indicated the evolving environment for policy interventions. However, the lack of capacity among farmers, inadequate provision for structured capacity building, high cost of alternatives to antimicrobials, and lack of provision of incentivisation in case of crop failure were identified as the major weaknesses prevalent across the domains. Opportunities for policy refinements/the introduction of new policies are ample. However, easy access to antimicrobials and injudicious use imposes threats to AMR containment in all sectors. Conclusions: Despite having a few policies for the containment of AMR, their implementation witnesses challenge due to the lack of collaborative approaches, the existence of policies disjointed from ground reality, infrastructural issues, and the lack of capacity and resources. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9699572 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-96995722022-11-26 Existing Policies/Guidelines on the Environmental Dimension of Antimicrobial Resistance in India: An Insight into the Key Facets through Review and SWOT Analysis Debnath, Falguni Chakraborty, Debjit Giri, Sandip Saha, Shatabdi Pyne, Soume Chakraverty, Raja Majumdar, Agniva Deb, Alok Kumar Diwan, Vishal Bhatia, Rajesh Dutta, Shanta Trop Med Infect Dis Article Background: Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a multidimensional phenomenon. The environment acts as a mixing pot of drug-resistant bacteria from many sources such as pharmaceutical, biomedical, veterinary, and agricultural sectors. In this study, we analysed the existing AMR-related policies/guidelines/legislations in India in the above domains and how the current practices are being guided by them. Methods: We used a convergent parallel mix method design. Quantitative data were collected through a review of policies/guidelines/legislations in the said domains and analysed using the SWOT tool parallelly supported by key informant interviews of domain-specific stakeholders. Results: Altogether, 19 existing AMR policies/guidelines/legislations were identified. The existence of few policies/guidelines in each domain indicated the evolving environment for policy interventions. However, the lack of capacity among farmers, inadequate provision for structured capacity building, high cost of alternatives to antimicrobials, and lack of provision of incentivisation in case of crop failure were identified as the major weaknesses prevalent across the domains. Opportunities for policy refinements/the introduction of new policies are ample. However, easy access to antimicrobials and injudicious use imposes threats to AMR containment in all sectors. Conclusions: Despite having a few policies for the containment of AMR, their implementation witnesses challenge due to the lack of collaborative approaches, the existence of policies disjointed from ground reality, infrastructural issues, and the lack of capacity and resources. MDPI 2022-10-29 /pmc/articles/PMC9699572/ /pubmed/36355880 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/tropicalmed7110336 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Debnath, Falguni Chakraborty, Debjit Giri, Sandip Saha, Shatabdi Pyne, Soume Chakraverty, Raja Majumdar, Agniva Deb, Alok Kumar Diwan, Vishal Bhatia, Rajesh Dutta, Shanta Existing Policies/Guidelines on the Environmental Dimension of Antimicrobial Resistance in India: An Insight into the Key Facets through Review and SWOT Analysis |
title | Existing Policies/Guidelines on the Environmental Dimension of Antimicrobial Resistance in India: An Insight into the Key Facets through Review and SWOT Analysis |
title_full | Existing Policies/Guidelines on the Environmental Dimension of Antimicrobial Resistance in India: An Insight into the Key Facets through Review and SWOT Analysis |
title_fullStr | Existing Policies/Guidelines on the Environmental Dimension of Antimicrobial Resistance in India: An Insight into the Key Facets through Review and SWOT Analysis |
title_full_unstemmed | Existing Policies/Guidelines on the Environmental Dimension of Antimicrobial Resistance in India: An Insight into the Key Facets through Review and SWOT Analysis |
title_short | Existing Policies/Guidelines on the Environmental Dimension of Antimicrobial Resistance in India: An Insight into the Key Facets through Review and SWOT Analysis |
title_sort | existing policies/guidelines on the environmental dimension of antimicrobial resistance in india: an insight into the key facets through review and swot analysis |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9699572/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36355880 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/tropicalmed7110336 |
work_keys_str_mv | AT debnathfalguni existingpoliciesguidelinesontheenvironmentaldimensionofantimicrobialresistanceinindiaaninsightintothekeyfacetsthroughreviewandswotanalysis AT chakrabortydebjit existingpoliciesguidelinesontheenvironmentaldimensionofantimicrobialresistanceinindiaaninsightintothekeyfacetsthroughreviewandswotanalysis AT girisandip existingpoliciesguidelinesontheenvironmentaldimensionofantimicrobialresistanceinindiaaninsightintothekeyfacetsthroughreviewandswotanalysis AT sahashatabdi existingpoliciesguidelinesontheenvironmentaldimensionofantimicrobialresistanceinindiaaninsightintothekeyfacetsthroughreviewandswotanalysis AT pynesoume existingpoliciesguidelinesontheenvironmentaldimensionofantimicrobialresistanceinindiaaninsightintothekeyfacetsthroughreviewandswotanalysis AT chakravertyraja existingpoliciesguidelinesontheenvironmentaldimensionofantimicrobialresistanceinindiaaninsightintothekeyfacetsthroughreviewandswotanalysis AT majumdaragniva existingpoliciesguidelinesontheenvironmentaldimensionofantimicrobialresistanceinindiaaninsightintothekeyfacetsthroughreviewandswotanalysis AT debalokkumar existingpoliciesguidelinesontheenvironmentaldimensionofantimicrobialresistanceinindiaaninsightintothekeyfacetsthroughreviewandswotanalysis AT diwanvishal existingpoliciesguidelinesontheenvironmentaldimensionofantimicrobialresistanceinindiaaninsightintothekeyfacetsthroughreviewandswotanalysis AT bhatiarajesh existingpoliciesguidelinesontheenvironmentaldimensionofantimicrobialresistanceinindiaaninsightintothekeyfacetsthroughreviewandswotanalysis AT duttashanta existingpoliciesguidelinesontheenvironmentaldimensionofantimicrobialresistanceinindiaaninsightintothekeyfacetsthroughreviewandswotanalysis |