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Existing Policies/Guidelines on the Environmental Dimension of Antimicrobial Resistance in India: An Insight into the Key Facets through Review and SWOT Analysis

Background: Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a multidimensional phenomenon. The environment acts as a mixing pot of drug-resistant bacteria from many sources such as pharmaceutical, biomedical, veterinary, and agricultural sectors. In this study, we analysed the existing AMR-related policies/guidel...

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Autores principales: Debnath, Falguni, Chakraborty, Debjit, Giri, Sandip, Saha, Shatabdi, Pyne, Soume, Chakraverty, Raja, Majumdar, Agniva, Deb, Alok Kumar, Diwan, Vishal, Bhatia, Rajesh, Dutta, Shanta
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9699572/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36355880
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/tropicalmed7110336
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author Debnath, Falguni
Chakraborty, Debjit
Giri, Sandip
Saha, Shatabdi
Pyne, Soume
Chakraverty, Raja
Majumdar, Agniva
Deb, Alok Kumar
Diwan, Vishal
Bhatia, Rajesh
Dutta, Shanta
author_facet Debnath, Falguni
Chakraborty, Debjit
Giri, Sandip
Saha, Shatabdi
Pyne, Soume
Chakraverty, Raja
Majumdar, Agniva
Deb, Alok Kumar
Diwan, Vishal
Bhatia, Rajesh
Dutta, Shanta
author_sort Debnath, Falguni
collection PubMed
description Background: Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a multidimensional phenomenon. The environment acts as a mixing pot of drug-resistant bacteria from many sources such as pharmaceutical, biomedical, veterinary, and agricultural sectors. In this study, we analysed the existing AMR-related policies/guidelines/legislations in India in the above domains and how the current practices are being guided by them. Methods: We used a convergent parallel mix method design. Quantitative data were collected through a review of policies/guidelines/legislations in the said domains and analysed using the SWOT tool parallelly supported by key informant interviews of domain-specific stakeholders. Results: Altogether, 19 existing AMR policies/guidelines/legislations were identified. The existence of few policies/guidelines in each domain indicated the evolving environment for policy interventions. However, the lack of capacity among farmers, inadequate provision for structured capacity building, high cost of alternatives to antimicrobials, and lack of provision of incentivisation in case of crop failure were identified as the major weaknesses prevalent across the domains. Opportunities for policy refinements/the introduction of new policies are ample. However, easy access to antimicrobials and injudicious use imposes threats to AMR containment in all sectors. Conclusions: Despite having a few policies for the containment of AMR, their implementation witnesses challenge due to the lack of collaborative approaches, the existence of policies disjointed from ground reality, infrastructural issues, and the lack of capacity and resources.
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spelling pubmed-96995722022-11-26 Existing Policies/Guidelines on the Environmental Dimension of Antimicrobial Resistance in India: An Insight into the Key Facets through Review and SWOT Analysis Debnath, Falguni Chakraborty, Debjit Giri, Sandip Saha, Shatabdi Pyne, Soume Chakraverty, Raja Majumdar, Agniva Deb, Alok Kumar Diwan, Vishal Bhatia, Rajesh Dutta, Shanta Trop Med Infect Dis Article Background: Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a multidimensional phenomenon. The environment acts as a mixing pot of drug-resistant bacteria from many sources such as pharmaceutical, biomedical, veterinary, and agricultural sectors. In this study, we analysed the existing AMR-related policies/guidelines/legislations in India in the above domains and how the current practices are being guided by them. Methods: We used a convergent parallel mix method design. Quantitative data were collected through a review of policies/guidelines/legislations in the said domains and analysed using the SWOT tool parallelly supported by key informant interviews of domain-specific stakeholders. Results: Altogether, 19 existing AMR policies/guidelines/legislations were identified. The existence of few policies/guidelines in each domain indicated the evolving environment for policy interventions. However, the lack of capacity among farmers, inadequate provision for structured capacity building, high cost of alternatives to antimicrobials, and lack of provision of incentivisation in case of crop failure were identified as the major weaknesses prevalent across the domains. Opportunities for policy refinements/the introduction of new policies are ample. However, easy access to antimicrobials and injudicious use imposes threats to AMR containment in all sectors. Conclusions: Despite having a few policies for the containment of AMR, their implementation witnesses challenge due to the lack of collaborative approaches, the existence of policies disjointed from ground reality, infrastructural issues, and the lack of capacity and resources. MDPI 2022-10-29 /pmc/articles/PMC9699572/ /pubmed/36355880 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/tropicalmed7110336 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Debnath, Falguni
Chakraborty, Debjit
Giri, Sandip
Saha, Shatabdi
Pyne, Soume
Chakraverty, Raja
Majumdar, Agniva
Deb, Alok Kumar
Diwan, Vishal
Bhatia, Rajesh
Dutta, Shanta
Existing Policies/Guidelines on the Environmental Dimension of Antimicrobial Resistance in India: An Insight into the Key Facets through Review and SWOT Analysis
title Existing Policies/Guidelines on the Environmental Dimension of Antimicrobial Resistance in India: An Insight into the Key Facets through Review and SWOT Analysis
title_full Existing Policies/Guidelines on the Environmental Dimension of Antimicrobial Resistance in India: An Insight into the Key Facets through Review and SWOT Analysis
title_fullStr Existing Policies/Guidelines on the Environmental Dimension of Antimicrobial Resistance in India: An Insight into the Key Facets through Review and SWOT Analysis
title_full_unstemmed Existing Policies/Guidelines on the Environmental Dimension of Antimicrobial Resistance in India: An Insight into the Key Facets through Review and SWOT Analysis
title_short Existing Policies/Guidelines on the Environmental Dimension of Antimicrobial Resistance in India: An Insight into the Key Facets through Review and SWOT Analysis
title_sort existing policies/guidelines on the environmental dimension of antimicrobial resistance in india: an insight into the key facets through review and swot analysis
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9699572/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36355880
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/tropicalmed7110336
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