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Low-Cost Nitric Oxide Sensors: Assessment of Temperature and Humidity Effects

High equipment cost is a significant entry barrier to research for small organizations in developing solutions to air pollution problems. Low-cost electrochemical sensors show sensitivity at parts-per-billion by volume mixing ratios but are subject to variation due to changing environmental conditio...

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Autores principales: Owen, Steven, Yee, Lachlan H., Maher, Damien T.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9699606/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36433609
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22229013
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author Owen, Steven
Yee, Lachlan H.
Maher, Damien T.
author_facet Owen, Steven
Yee, Lachlan H.
Maher, Damien T.
author_sort Owen, Steven
collection PubMed
description High equipment cost is a significant entry barrier to research for small organizations in developing solutions to air pollution problems. Low-cost electrochemical sensors show sensitivity at parts-per-billion by volume mixing ratios but are subject to variation due to changing environmental conditions, in particular temperature. In this study, we demonstrate a low-cost Internet of Things (IoT)-based sensor system for nitric oxide analysis. The sensor system used a four-electrode electrochemical sensor exposed to a series of isothermal/isohume conditions. When deployed under these conditions, stable baseline responses were achieved, in contrast to ambient air conditions where temperature and humidity conditions may be variable. The interrelationship between working and auxiliary electrodes was linear within an environmental envelope of 20–40 °C and 30–80% relative humidity, with correlation coefficients from 0.9980 to 0.9999 when measured under isothermal/isohume conditions. These data enabled the determination of surface functions that describe the working to auxiliary electrode offsets and calibration curve gradients and intercepts. The linear and reproducible nature of individual calibration curves for stepwise nitric oxide (NO) additions under isothermal/isohume environments suggests the suitability of these sensors for applications aside from their role in air quality monitoring. Such applications would include nitric oxide kinetic studies for atmospheric applications or measurement of the potential biocatalytic activity of nitric oxide consuming enzymes in biocatalytic coatings, both of which currently employ high-capital-cost chemiluminescence detectors.
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spelling pubmed-96996062022-11-26 Low-Cost Nitric Oxide Sensors: Assessment of Temperature and Humidity Effects Owen, Steven Yee, Lachlan H. Maher, Damien T. Sensors (Basel) Article High equipment cost is a significant entry barrier to research for small organizations in developing solutions to air pollution problems. Low-cost electrochemical sensors show sensitivity at parts-per-billion by volume mixing ratios but are subject to variation due to changing environmental conditions, in particular temperature. In this study, we demonstrate a low-cost Internet of Things (IoT)-based sensor system for nitric oxide analysis. The sensor system used a four-electrode electrochemical sensor exposed to a series of isothermal/isohume conditions. When deployed under these conditions, stable baseline responses were achieved, in contrast to ambient air conditions where temperature and humidity conditions may be variable. The interrelationship between working and auxiliary electrodes was linear within an environmental envelope of 20–40 °C and 30–80% relative humidity, with correlation coefficients from 0.9980 to 0.9999 when measured under isothermal/isohume conditions. These data enabled the determination of surface functions that describe the working to auxiliary electrode offsets and calibration curve gradients and intercepts. The linear and reproducible nature of individual calibration curves for stepwise nitric oxide (NO) additions under isothermal/isohume environments suggests the suitability of these sensors for applications aside from their role in air quality monitoring. Such applications would include nitric oxide kinetic studies for atmospheric applications or measurement of the potential biocatalytic activity of nitric oxide consuming enzymes in biocatalytic coatings, both of which currently employ high-capital-cost chemiluminescence detectors. MDPI 2022-11-21 /pmc/articles/PMC9699606/ /pubmed/36433609 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22229013 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Owen, Steven
Yee, Lachlan H.
Maher, Damien T.
Low-Cost Nitric Oxide Sensors: Assessment of Temperature and Humidity Effects
title Low-Cost Nitric Oxide Sensors: Assessment of Temperature and Humidity Effects
title_full Low-Cost Nitric Oxide Sensors: Assessment of Temperature and Humidity Effects
title_fullStr Low-Cost Nitric Oxide Sensors: Assessment of Temperature and Humidity Effects
title_full_unstemmed Low-Cost Nitric Oxide Sensors: Assessment of Temperature and Humidity Effects
title_short Low-Cost Nitric Oxide Sensors: Assessment of Temperature and Humidity Effects
title_sort low-cost nitric oxide sensors: assessment of temperature and humidity effects
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9699606/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36433609
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22229013
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