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Prevalence of classes 1 and 2 integrons in multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumanni isolates recovered from some aquatic environment in South Africa
The emergence of antibiotic-resistance genes (ARGs) by means of integrons in multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (MDR A. baumannii) has become a significant challenge in the management of infections from this pathogen. In this paper, we report on the variable region of class 1 and 2 integron...
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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Nature Publishing Group UK
2022
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Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9700688/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36434075 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-24724-2 |
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author | Adeniji, Oluwaseun Ola Elsheikh, Elsiddig A. E. Okoh, Anthony Ifeanyin |
author_facet | Adeniji, Oluwaseun Ola Elsheikh, Elsiddig A. E. Okoh, Anthony Ifeanyin |
author_sort | Adeniji, Oluwaseun Ola |
collection | PubMed |
description | The emergence of antibiotic-resistance genes (ARGs) by means of integrons in multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (MDR A. baumannii) has become a significant challenge in the management of infections from this pathogen. In this paper, we report on the variable region of class 1 and 2 integrons observed in MDR A. baumanni isolates recovered from rivers in the Eastern Cape Province, South Africa. Class 1 and 2 integrons with their variable regions were evaluated with polymerase chain reaction techniques followed by sequencing. Antibiotic sensitivity testing, checkerboard assay, time-kill independent assay, and Enterobacterial Repetitive Intergenic Consensus Polymerase Chain Reaction (ERIC-PCR) were carried out using standard microbiological techniques. A total of fifty-six (56) isolates were examined, among which 45 (79%) tested positive for class 1 integron, and 7 (12.3%) had class 2 integron. None was found to be class 3 integron positive among the isolates. The variable region contained aadA1, aadA5, and aadA2 genes, which confer resistance against streptomycin and spectinomycin, aac(6′)-Ib against amikacin/ tobramycin and dfrA17 genes against trimethoprim. The minimum inhibitory concentrations of the antimicrobials for one of the tested organisms were resistant against meropenem, colistin sodium methanesulfonate, tetracycline, ceftazidime, and ciprofloxacin (16, > 16, > 8, > 256, and 128 ug/mL respectively). The impact of colistin combined with quinolones (ciprofloxacin), with the FICIs (0.31) indicated synergistic effects against MDR A baumanni. However, when colistin was combined with meropenem and ceftazidime, additive effects with fractional inhibitory concentration (FIC) index ranging from 0.52 to 1 were observed. No antagonistic effect was evaluated among the examined isolates. ERIC-PCR analyses of A. baumanni isolates revealed significant genetic diversity, suggesting various sources of environmental contamination. We conclude that A. baumanni harbouring class 1 integrons in aquatic milieus are a significant source of ARGs and can transmit these elements to other organisms and consequently to man with significant public health implications. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9700688 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | Nature Publishing Group UK |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-97006882022-11-27 Prevalence of classes 1 and 2 integrons in multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumanni isolates recovered from some aquatic environment in South Africa Adeniji, Oluwaseun Ola Elsheikh, Elsiddig A. E. Okoh, Anthony Ifeanyin Sci Rep Article The emergence of antibiotic-resistance genes (ARGs) by means of integrons in multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (MDR A. baumannii) has become a significant challenge in the management of infections from this pathogen. In this paper, we report on the variable region of class 1 and 2 integrons observed in MDR A. baumanni isolates recovered from rivers in the Eastern Cape Province, South Africa. Class 1 and 2 integrons with their variable regions were evaluated with polymerase chain reaction techniques followed by sequencing. Antibiotic sensitivity testing, checkerboard assay, time-kill independent assay, and Enterobacterial Repetitive Intergenic Consensus Polymerase Chain Reaction (ERIC-PCR) were carried out using standard microbiological techniques. A total of fifty-six (56) isolates were examined, among which 45 (79%) tested positive for class 1 integron, and 7 (12.3%) had class 2 integron. None was found to be class 3 integron positive among the isolates. The variable region contained aadA1, aadA5, and aadA2 genes, which confer resistance against streptomycin and spectinomycin, aac(6′)-Ib against amikacin/ tobramycin and dfrA17 genes against trimethoprim. The minimum inhibitory concentrations of the antimicrobials for one of the tested organisms were resistant against meropenem, colistin sodium methanesulfonate, tetracycline, ceftazidime, and ciprofloxacin (16, > 16, > 8, > 256, and 128 ug/mL respectively). The impact of colistin combined with quinolones (ciprofloxacin), with the FICIs (0.31) indicated synergistic effects against MDR A baumanni. However, when colistin was combined with meropenem and ceftazidime, additive effects with fractional inhibitory concentration (FIC) index ranging from 0.52 to 1 were observed. No antagonistic effect was evaluated among the examined isolates. ERIC-PCR analyses of A. baumanni isolates revealed significant genetic diversity, suggesting various sources of environmental contamination. We conclude that A. baumanni harbouring class 1 integrons in aquatic milieus are a significant source of ARGs and can transmit these elements to other organisms and consequently to man with significant public health implications. Nature Publishing Group UK 2022-11-24 /pmc/articles/PMC9700688/ /pubmed/36434075 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-24724-2 Text en © The Author(s) 2022 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) . |
spellingShingle | Article Adeniji, Oluwaseun Ola Elsheikh, Elsiddig A. E. Okoh, Anthony Ifeanyin Prevalence of classes 1 and 2 integrons in multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumanni isolates recovered from some aquatic environment in South Africa |
title | Prevalence of classes 1 and 2 integrons in multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumanni isolates recovered from some aquatic environment in South Africa |
title_full | Prevalence of classes 1 and 2 integrons in multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumanni isolates recovered from some aquatic environment in South Africa |
title_fullStr | Prevalence of classes 1 and 2 integrons in multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumanni isolates recovered from some aquatic environment in South Africa |
title_full_unstemmed | Prevalence of classes 1 and 2 integrons in multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumanni isolates recovered from some aquatic environment in South Africa |
title_short | Prevalence of classes 1 and 2 integrons in multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumanni isolates recovered from some aquatic environment in South Africa |
title_sort | prevalence of classes 1 and 2 integrons in multidrug-resistant acinetobacter baumanni isolates recovered from some aquatic environment in south africa |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9700688/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36434075 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-24724-2 |
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