Dysregulation of global circular RNA abundance regulated by spliceosomes predicts prognosis in hepatocellular carcinoma

CircRNAs have been reported to play crucial roles in tumor progression and recurrence, showing potential as biomarkers in cancer. However, the global abundance of circRNA and their involvement in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) development have not been fully explored. Whole transcriptome sequencing was performed on tumor and peritumor from 60 patients with HCC to quantify the expression of circRNAs, and the global circRNA abundance was calculated by circRNA index (CRI). Gene‐set enrichment analysis and weighted gene co‐expression network analysis were used to reveal the biological signaling pathways associated with the global circRNA abundance. The correlation between the global circRNA abundance and the infiltration level of CD8(+) T cells was explored by immunohistochemical assays. Small interfering RNA was used to knock down the pre–messenger RNA spliceosome in HCC cell lines to verify the regulation of spliceosome in global circRNA abundance. We found that dysregulation of global circRNA abundance in both tumor and peritumor could lead to worse prognosis. The immunohistochemical assay further revealed that the dysregulation of global circRNA abundance in both tumor and peritumor would obstruct the CD8(+) T cells from invading into the tumor, which might explain its correlation with HCC prognosis. We also demonstrated that the spliceosome genes were the main factors to regulate the global circRNA abundance in HCC, and these results were also confirmed by knockdown experiments. Conclusion: This study revealed the association between the global circRNA abundance and patients' prognosis and its underlying mechanism.