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Invariance-based causal prediction to identify the direct causes of suicidal behavior
Despite decades of research, the direct causes of suicide remain unknown. Some researchers have proposed that suicide is sufficiently complex that no single variable or set of variables can be determined causal. The invariance-based causal prediction (ICP) is a contemporary data analytic method deve...
Autores principales: | , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Frontiers Media S.A.
2022
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9701748/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36451770 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2022.1008496 |
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author | Goddard, Austin V. Xiang, Yu Bryan, Craig J. |
author_facet | Goddard, Austin V. Xiang, Yu Bryan, Craig J. |
author_sort | Goddard, Austin V. |
collection | PubMed |
description | Despite decades of research, the direct causes of suicide remain unknown. Some researchers have proposed that suicide is sufficiently complex that no single variable or set of variables can be determined causal. The invariance-based causal prediction (ICP) is a contemporary data analytic method developed to identify the direct causal relationships, but the method has not yet been applied to suicide. In this study, we used ICP to identify the variables that were most directly related to the emergence of suicidal behavior in a prospective sample of 2,744 primary care patients. Fifty-eight (2.1%) participants reported suicidal behavior during the following year. Of 18 predictors tested, shame was most likely to be directly causal only under the least restrictive conditions. No single variable or set of variables was identified. Results support the indeterminacy hypothesis that suicide is caused by many combinations of factors, none of which are necessary for suicide to occur. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9701748 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-97017482022-11-29 Invariance-based causal prediction to identify the direct causes of suicidal behavior Goddard, Austin V. Xiang, Yu Bryan, Craig J. Front Psychiatry Psychiatry Despite decades of research, the direct causes of suicide remain unknown. Some researchers have proposed that suicide is sufficiently complex that no single variable or set of variables can be determined causal. The invariance-based causal prediction (ICP) is a contemporary data analytic method developed to identify the direct causal relationships, but the method has not yet been applied to suicide. In this study, we used ICP to identify the variables that were most directly related to the emergence of suicidal behavior in a prospective sample of 2,744 primary care patients. Fifty-eight (2.1%) participants reported suicidal behavior during the following year. Of 18 predictors tested, shame was most likely to be directly causal only under the least restrictive conditions. No single variable or set of variables was identified. Results support the indeterminacy hypothesis that suicide is caused by many combinations of factors, none of which are necessary for suicide to occur. Frontiers Media S.A. 2022-11-14 /pmc/articles/PMC9701748/ /pubmed/36451770 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2022.1008496 Text en Copyright © 2022 Goddard, Xiang and Bryan. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. |
spellingShingle | Psychiatry Goddard, Austin V. Xiang, Yu Bryan, Craig J. Invariance-based causal prediction to identify the direct causes of suicidal behavior |
title | Invariance-based causal prediction to identify the direct causes of suicidal behavior |
title_full | Invariance-based causal prediction to identify the direct causes of suicidal behavior |
title_fullStr | Invariance-based causal prediction to identify the direct causes of suicidal behavior |
title_full_unstemmed | Invariance-based causal prediction to identify the direct causes of suicidal behavior |
title_short | Invariance-based causal prediction to identify the direct causes of suicidal behavior |
title_sort | invariance-based causal prediction to identify the direct causes of suicidal behavior |
topic | Psychiatry |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9701748/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36451770 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2022.1008496 |
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