Psychiatric diseases and dementia and their association with open-angle glaucoma in the total population of Stockholm

OBJECTIVE: Association between some somatic diseases and primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) are well-known. We aimed to study psychiatric diseases and dementia and their association with POAG in the total population of Region Stockholm. METHODS: All living individuals above 18 years of age who resided in Stockholm County, Sweden, on 1 January 2017 (N = 1,703,675) were included. Data were obtained from administrative regional data. We identified individuals with specified psychiatric disorders in the years 2010–2019, and further identified those with an incident diagnosis of POAG during 2012–2018. Analyses were performed by age-group and sex. We calculated odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CI), adjusted for age and neighborhood socio-economic status for individuals with POAG, and used individuals without POAG as referents. RESULTS: A total of 16,299 cases of POAG were identified, of whom 9204 were women and 7095 men. Adjusted OR (95% CI) for the risk of POAG was 0.653 (0.610–0.698) for women and 0.714 (0.656–0.778) for men with dementia, respectively. The OR for POAG was 0.478 (0.355–0.643) for women with psychosis, and 1.164 (1.105–1.227) for women with depression. A high neighbourhood socio-economic status was associated with a higher risk of POAG. Other associations were non-significant. CONCLUSION: The prevalence of newly diagnosed POAG was decreased in men and women with dementia, and in women with psychosis, which could be an underestimation, owing to lack of investigation, which warrants attention. The risk of POAG was increased in women with depression, which could be secondary to the glaucoma diagnosis. KEY MESSAGES: The prevalence of newly diagnosed glaucoma was decreased in men and women with dementia, and in women with psychosis. A lower prevalence of newly diagnosed glaucoma may be due to an underestimation, owing to a lack of investigation. The risk of glaucoma was increased in women with depression, which could be secondary to the glaucoma diagnosis.