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Waning of specific antibodies against Delta and Omicron variants five months after a third dose of BNT162b2 SARS-CoV-2 vaccine in elderly individuals

The emergence of new SARS-CoV-2 variants, such as the more transmissible Delta and Omicron variants, has raised concerns on efficacy of the COVID-19 vaccines. Here, we examined the waning of antibody responses against different variants following primary and booster vaccination. We found that antibo...

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Autores principales: Goh, Yun Shan, Rouers, Angeline, Fong, Siew-Wai, Zhuo, Nicole Ziyi, Hor, Pei Xiang, Loh, Chiew Yee, Huang, Yuling, Neo, Vanessa Kexin, Kam, Isaac Kai Jie, Wang, Bei, Ngoh, Eve Zi Xian, Salleh, Siti Nazihah Mohd, Lee, Raphael Tze Chuen, Pada, Surinder, Sun, Louisa Jin, Ong, Desmond Luan Seng, Somani, Jyoti, Lee, Eng Sing, Maurer-Stroh, Sebastian, Wang, Cheng-I, Leo, Yee‐Sin, Ren, Ee Chee, Lye, David C., Young, Barnaby Edward, Ng, Lisa F. P., Renia, Laurent
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9704817/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36451833
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2022.1031852
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author Goh, Yun Shan
Rouers, Angeline
Fong, Siew-Wai
Zhuo, Nicole Ziyi
Hor, Pei Xiang
Loh, Chiew Yee
Huang, Yuling
Neo, Vanessa Kexin
Kam, Isaac Kai Jie
Wang, Bei
Ngoh, Eve Zi Xian
Salleh, Siti Nazihah Mohd
Lee, Raphael Tze Chuen
Pada, Surinder
Sun, Louisa Jin
Ong, Desmond Luan Seng
Somani, Jyoti
Lee, Eng Sing
Maurer-Stroh, Sebastian
Wang, Cheng-I
Leo, Yee‐Sin
Ren, Ee Chee
Lye, David C.
Young, Barnaby Edward
Ng, Lisa F. P.
Renia, Laurent
author_facet Goh, Yun Shan
Rouers, Angeline
Fong, Siew-Wai
Zhuo, Nicole Ziyi
Hor, Pei Xiang
Loh, Chiew Yee
Huang, Yuling
Neo, Vanessa Kexin
Kam, Isaac Kai Jie
Wang, Bei
Ngoh, Eve Zi Xian
Salleh, Siti Nazihah Mohd
Lee, Raphael Tze Chuen
Pada, Surinder
Sun, Louisa Jin
Ong, Desmond Luan Seng
Somani, Jyoti
Lee, Eng Sing
Maurer-Stroh, Sebastian
Wang, Cheng-I
Leo, Yee‐Sin
Ren, Ee Chee
Lye, David C.
Young, Barnaby Edward
Ng, Lisa F. P.
Renia, Laurent
author_sort Goh, Yun Shan
collection PubMed
description The emergence of new SARS-CoV-2 variants, such as the more transmissible Delta and Omicron variants, has raised concerns on efficacy of the COVID-19 vaccines. Here, we examined the waning of antibody responses against different variants following primary and booster vaccination. We found that antibody responses against variants were low following primary vaccination. The antibody response against Omicron was almost non-existent. Efficient boosting of antibody response against all variants, including Omicron, was observed following a third dose. The antibody response against the variants tested was significantly higher at one month following booster vaccination, compared with two months following primary vaccination, for all individuals, including the low antibody responders identified at two months following primary vaccination. The antibody response, for all variants tested, was significantly higher at four months post booster than at five months post primary vaccination, and the proportion of low responders remained low (6-11%). However, there was significant waning of antibody response in more than 95% of individuals at four months, compared to one month following booster. We also observed a robust memory B cell response following booster, which remained higher at four months post booster than prior to booster. However, the memory B cell responses were on the decline for 50% of individuals at four months following booster. Similarly, while the T cell response is sustained, at cohort level, at four months post booster, a substantial proportion of individuals (18.8 – 53.8%) exhibited T cell response at four months post booster that has waned to levels below their corresponding levels before booster. The findings show an efficient induction of immune response against SARS-CoV-2 variants following booster vaccination. However, the induced immunity by the third BNT162b2 vaccine dose was transient. The findings suggest that elderly individuals may require a fourth dose to provide protection against SARS-CoV-2.
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spelling pubmed-97048172022-11-29 Waning of specific antibodies against Delta and Omicron variants five months after a third dose of BNT162b2 SARS-CoV-2 vaccine in elderly individuals Goh, Yun Shan Rouers, Angeline Fong, Siew-Wai Zhuo, Nicole Ziyi Hor, Pei Xiang Loh, Chiew Yee Huang, Yuling Neo, Vanessa Kexin Kam, Isaac Kai Jie Wang, Bei Ngoh, Eve Zi Xian Salleh, Siti Nazihah Mohd Lee, Raphael Tze Chuen Pada, Surinder Sun, Louisa Jin Ong, Desmond Luan Seng Somani, Jyoti Lee, Eng Sing Maurer-Stroh, Sebastian Wang, Cheng-I Leo, Yee‐Sin Ren, Ee Chee Lye, David C. Young, Barnaby Edward Ng, Lisa F. P. Renia, Laurent Front Immunol Immunology The emergence of new SARS-CoV-2 variants, such as the more transmissible Delta and Omicron variants, has raised concerns on efficacy of the COVID-19 vaccines. Here, we examined the waning of antibody responses against different variants following primary and booster vaccination. We found that antibody responses against variants were low following primary vaccination. The antibody response against Omicron was almost non-existent. Efficient boosting of antibody response against all variants, including Omicron, was observed following a third dose. The antibody response against the variants tested was significantly higher at one month following booster vaccination, compared with two months following primary vaccination, for all individuals, including the low antibody responders identified at two months following primary vaccination. The antibody response, for all variants tested, was significantly higher at four months post booster than at five months post primary vaccination, and the proportion of low responders remained low (6-11%). However, there was significant waning of antibody response in more than 95% of individuals at four months, compared to one month following booster. We also observed a robust memory B cell response following booster, which remained higher at four months post booster than prior to booster. However, the memory B cell responses were on the decline for 50% of individuals at four months following booster. Similarly, while the T cell response is sustained, at cohort level, at four months post booster, a substantial proportion of individuals (18.8 – 53.8%) exhibited T cell response at four months post booster that has waned to levels below their corresponding levels before booster. The findings show an efficient induction of immune response against SARS-CoV-2 variants following booster vaccination. However, the induced immunity by the third BNT162b2 vaccine dose was transient. The findings suggest that elderly individuals may require a fourth dose to provide protection against SARS-CoV-2. Frontiers Media S.A. 2022-11-14 /pmc/articles/PMC9704817/ /pubmed/36451833 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2022.1031852 Text en Copyright © 2022 Goh, Rouers, Fong, Zhuo, Hor, Loh, Huang, Neo, Kam, Wang, Ngoh, Salleh, Lee, Pada, Sun, Ong, Somani, Lee, NCID Study Group, COVID-19 Study Group, Maurer-Stroh, Wang, Leo, Ren, Lye, Young, Ng and Renia https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Immunology
Goh, Yun Shan
Rouers, Angeline
Fong, Siew-Wai
Zhuo, Nicole Ziyi
Hor, Pei Xiang
Loh, Chiew Yee
Huang, Yuling
Neo, Vanessa Kexin
Kam, Isaac Kai Jie
Wang, Bei
Ngoh, Eve Zi Xian
Salleh, Siti Nazihah Mohd
Lee, Raphael Tze Chuen
Pada, Surinder
Sun, Louisa Jin
Ong, Desmond Luan Seng
Somani, Jyoti
Lee, Eng Sing
Maurer-Stroh, Sebastian
Wang, Cheng-I
Leo, Yee‐Sin
Ren, Ee Chee
Lye, David C.
Young, Barnaby Edward
Ng, Lisa F. P.
Renia, Laurent
Waning of specific antibodies against Delta and Omicron variants five months after a third dose of BNT162b2 SARS-CoV-2 vaccine in elderly individuals
title Waning of specific antibodies against Delta and Omicron variants five months after a third dose of BNT162b2 SARS-CoV-2 vaccine in elderly individuals
title_full Waning of specific antibodies against Delta and Omicron variants five months after a third dose of BNT162b2 SARS-CoV-2 vaccine in elderly individuals
title_fullStr Waning of specific antibodies against Delta and Omicron variants five months after a third dose of BNT162b2 SARS-CoV-2 vaccine in elderly individuals
title_full_unstemmed Waning of specific antibodies against Delta and Omicron variants five months after a third dose of BNT162b2 SARS-CoV-2 vaccine in elderly individuals
title_short Waning of specific antibodies against Delta and Omicron variants five months after a third dose of BNT162b2 SARS-CoV-2 vaccine in elderly individuals
title_sort waning of specific antibodies against delta and omicron variants five months after a third dose of bnt162b2 sars-cov-2 vaccine in elderly individuals
topic Immunology
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9704817/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36451833
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2022.1031852
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