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Identification of a S-(2-succino)cysteine breakdown pathway that uses a novel S-(2-succino) lyase
Succination is the spontaneous reaction between the respiratory intermediate fumarate and cellular thiols that forms stable S-(2-succino)-adducts such as S-(2-succino)cysteine (2SC). 2SC is a biomarker for conditions associated with elevated fumarate levels, including diabetes, obesity, and certain...
Autores principales: | , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
2022
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9706529/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36309089 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jbc.2022.102639 |
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author | Hillmann, Katie B. Goethel, Madeline E. Erickson, Natalie A. Niehaus, Thomas D. |
author_facet | Hillmann, Katie B. Goethel, Madeline E. Erickson, Natalie A. Niehaus, Thomas D. |
author_sort | Hillmann, Katie B. |
collection | PubMed |
description | Succination is the spontaneous reaction between the respiratory intermediate fumarate and cellular thiols that forms stable S-(2-succino)-adducts such as S-(2-succino)cysteine (2SC). 2SC is a biomarker for conditions associated with elevated fumarate levels, including diabetes, obesity, and certain cancers, and succination likely contributes to disease progression. Bacillus subtilis has a yxe operon-encoded breakdown pathway for 2SC that involves three distinct enzymatic conversions. The first step is N-acetylation of 2SC by YxeL to form N-acetyl-2SC (2SNAC). YxeK catalyzes the oxygenation of 2SNAC, resulting in its breakdown to oxaloacetate and N-acetylcysteine, which is deacetylated by YxeP to give cysteine. The monooxygenase YxeK is key to the pathway but is rare, with close homologs occurring infrequently in prokaryote and fungal genomes. The existence of additional 2SC breakdown pathways was not known prior to this study. Here, we used comparative genomics to identify a S-(2-succino) lyase (2SL) that replaces yxeK in some yxe gene clusters. 2SL genes from Enterococcus italicus and Dickeya dadantii complement B. subtilis yxeK mutants. We also determined that recombinant 2SL enzymes efficiently break down 2SNAC into fumarate and N-acetylcysteine, can perform the reverse reaction, and have minor activity against 2SC and other small molecule thiols. The strong preferences both YxeK and 2SL enzymes have for 2SNAC indicate that 2SC acetylation is a conserved breakdown step. The identification of a second naturally occurring 2SC breakdown pathway underscores the importance of 2SC catabolism and defines a general strategy for 2SC breakdown involving acetylation, breakdown, and deacetylation. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9706529 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-97065292022-11-30 Identification of a S-(2-succino)cysteine breakdown pathway that uses a novel S-(2-succino) lyase Hillmann, Katie B. Goethel, Madeline E. Erickson, Natalie A. Niehaus, Thomas D. J Biol Chem Research Article Succination is the spontaneous reaction between the respiratory intermediate fumarate and cellular thiols that forms stable S-(2-succino)-adducts such as S-(2-succino)cysteine (2SC). 2SC is a biomarker for conditions associated with elevated fumarate levels, including diabetes, obesity, and certain cancers, and succination likely contributes to disease progression. Bacillus subtilis has a yxe operon-encoded breakdown pathway for 2SC that involves three distinct enzymatic conversions. The first step is N-acetylation of 2SC by YxeL to form N-acetyl-2SC (2SNAC). YxeK catalyzes the oxygenation of 2SNAC, resulting in its breakdown to oxaloacetate and N-acetylcysteine, which is deacetylated by YxeP to give cysteine. The monooxygenase YxeK is key to the pathway but is rare, with close homologs occurring infrequently in prokaryote and fungal genomes. The existence of additional 2SC breakdown pathways was not known prior to this study. Here, we used comparative genomics to identify a S-(2-succino) lyase (2SL) that replaces yxeK in some yxe gene clusters. 2SL genes from Enterococcus italicus and Dickeya dadantii complement B. subtilis yxeK mutants. We also determined that recombinant 2SL enzymes efficiently break down 2SNAC into fumarate and N-acetylcysteine, can perform the reverse reaction, and have minor activity against 2SC and other small molecule thiols. The strong preferences both YxeK and 2SL enzymes have for 2SNAC indicate that 2SC acetylation is a conserved breakdown step. The identification of a second naturally occurring 2SC breakdown pathway underscores the importance of 2SC catabolism and defines a general strategy for 2SC breakdown involving acetylation, breakdown, and deacetylation. American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology 2022-10-27 /pmc/articles/PMC9706529/ /pubmed/36309089 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jbc.2022.102639 Text en © 2022 The Authors https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Research Article Hillmann, Katie B. Goethel, Madeline E. Erickson, Natalie A. Niehaus, Thomas D. Identification of a S-(2-succino)cysteine breakdown pathway that uses a novel S-(2-succino) lyase |
title | Identification of a S-(2-succino)cysteine breakdown pathway that uses a novel S-(2-succino) lyase |
title_full | Identification of a S-(2-succino)cysteine breakdown pathway that uses a novel S-(2-succino) lyase |
title_fullStr | Identification of a S-(2-succino)cysteine breakdown pathway that uses a novel S-(2-succino) lyase |
title_full_unstemmed | Identification of a S-(2-succino)cysteine breakdown pathway that uses a novel S-(2-succino) lyase |
title_short | Identification of a S-(2-succino)cysteine breakdown pathway that uses a novel S-(2-succino) lyase |
title_sort | identification of a s-(2-succino)cysteine breakdown pathway that uses a novel s-(2-succino) lyase |
topic | Research Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9706529/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36309089 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jbc.2022.102639 |
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