Origin of Correlations between Local Conformational States of Consecutive Amino Acid Residues and Their Role in Shaping Protein Structures and in Allostery

[Image: see text] By analyzing the Kubo-cluster-cumulant expansion of the potential of mean force of polypeptide chains corresponding to backbone-local interactions averaged over the rotation of the peptide groups about the C(α)···C(α) virtual bonds, we identified two important kinds of “along-chain” correlations that pertain to extended chain segments bordered by turns (usually the β-strands) and to the folded spring-like segments (usually α-helices), respectively, and are expressed as multitorsional potentials. These terms affect the positioning of structural elements with respect to each other and, consequently, contribute to determining their packing. Additionally, for extended chain segments, the correlation terms contribute to propagating the conformational change at one end to the other end, which is characteristic of allosteric interactions. We confirmed both findings by statistical analysis of the virtual-bond geometry of 77 950 proteins. Augmenting coarse-grained and, possibly, all-atom force fields with these correlation terms could improve their capacity to model protein structure and dynamics.