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Prevalence and associated factors of depression, anxiety, and stress among high school students in, Northwest Ethiopia, 2021

BACKGROUND: Many studies have revealed that students’ performance in school, is affected by symptoms of depression, anxiety, and stress, which may impair their academic achievement, and lead to school dropout. However, to date, no studies have evaluated these three disorders among high school studen...

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Autores principales: Nakie, Girum, Segon, Tesfaye, Melkam, Mamaru, Desalegn, Getachew Tesfaw, Zeleke, Tadele Amare
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: BioMed Central 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9707065/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36443717
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12888-022-04393-1
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author Nakie, Girum
Segon, Tesfaye
Melkam, Mamaru
Desalegn, Getachew Tesfaw
Zeleke, Tadele Amare
author_facet Nakie, Girum
Segon, Tesfaye
Melkam, Mamaru
Desalegn, Getachew Tesfaw
Zeleke, Tadele Amare
author_sort Nakie, Girum
collection PubMed
description BACKGROUND: Many studies have revealed that students’ performance in school, is affected by symptoms of depression, anxiety, and stress, which may impair their academic achievement, and lead to school dropout. However, to date, no studies have evaluated these three disorders among high school students in Africa. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to assess the prevalence of depression, anxiety, stress, and their associated factors among high school students in Northwest Ethiopia. METHODS: An institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted. A simple random sampling technique was used to select 849 participants from six high schools in Northwest Ethiopia. A self-administered Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale (DASS-21) questionnaire was used to collect the data. Data were analyzed using SPSS Version 25.0 software to identify factors associated with DAS, and bi-variable and multi-variable analyses were performed. RESULTS: The prevalence of depression, anxiety, and stress was 41.4, 66.7, and 52.2% respectively. Being female (AOR = 1.304, 95% CI = 1.006–1.849), higher risky khat chewers (AOR = 5.595, 95% CI = 2.357–11.132), having social phobia (AOR = 1.416, 95% CI = 1.045–1.919) were associated with depression. Being higher risky cigarette smokers (AOR = 4.777, 95% CI = 1.407–7304), having a history of chronic medical illness (AOR = 2.099, 95% CI = 1.045–4.218), and having a family history of mental illness (AOR = 1.777, 95% CI = 1.028–3.073) associated with anxiety. Stress was associated with high-risk alcohol drinkers (AOR = 1.828, 95% CI = 1.012–3.303), rural residency (AOR = 1.395, 95%CI = 1.010–1.925), and low social support (AOR 1.7391, 95% CI = 1.203–2.515). CONCLUSION: The burden of DAS among high school students was found to be high. Female sex, chewing khat, and having social phobia are associated with depression. Conversely, smoking cigarettes, having a chronic medical illness, and having a family history of mental illness are all linked to anxiety. Being a highly risky alcoholic drinker, having poor social support, and being a rural resident are positively associated with stress. Therefore, extending mental health services to all high schools, and strengthening the existing counseling services, are recommended.
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spelling pubmed-97070652022-11-29 Prevalence and associated factors of depression, anxiety, and stress among high school students in, Northwest Ethiopia, 2021 Nakie, Girum Segon, Tesfaye Melkam, Mamaru Desalegn, Getachew Tesfaw Zeleke, Tadele Amare BMC Psychiatry Research BACKGROUND: Many studies have revealed that students’ performance in school, is affected by symptoms of depression, anxiety, and stress, which may impair their academic achievement, and lead to school dropout. However, to date, no studies have evaluated these three disorders among high school students in Africa. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to assess the prevalence of depression, anxiety, stress, and their associated factors among high school students in Northwest Ethiopia. METHODS: An institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted. A simple random sampling technique was used to select 849 participants from six high schools in Northwest Ethiopia. A self-administered Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale (DASS-21) questionnaire was used to collect the data. Data were analyzed using SPSS Version 25.0 software to identify factors associated with DAS, and bi-variable and multi-variable analyses were performed. RESULTS: The prevalence of depression, anxiety, and stress was 41.4, 66.7, and 52.2% respectively. Being female (AOR = 1.304, 95% CI = 1.006–1.849), higher risky khat chewers (AOR = 5.595, 95% CI = 2.357–11.132), having social phobia (AOR = 1.416, 95% CI = 1.045–1.919) were associated with depression. Being higher risky cigarette smokers (AOR = 4.777, 95% CI = 1.407–7304), having a history of chronic medical illness (AOR = 2.099, 95% CI = 1.045–4.218), and having a family history of mental illness (AOR = 1.777, 95% CI = 1.028–3.073) associated with anxiety. Stress was associated with high-risk alcohol drinkers (AOR = 1.828, 95% CI = 1.012–3.303), rural residency (AOR = 1.395, 95%CI = 1.010–1.925), and low social support (AOR 1.7391, 95% CI = 1.203–2.515). CONCLUSION: The burden of DAS among high school students was found to be high. Female sex, chewing khat, and having social phobia are associated with depression. Conversely, smoking cigarettes, having a chronic medical illness, and having a family history of mental illness are all linked to anxiety. Being a highly risky alcoholic drinker, having poor social support, and being a rural resident are positively associated with stress. Therefore, extending mental health services to all high schools, and strengthening the existing counseling services, are recommended. BioMed Central 2022-11-28 /pmc/articles/PMC9707065/ /pubmed/36443717 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12888-022-04393-1 Text en © The Author(s) 2022 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) . The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) ) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.
spellingShingle Research
Nakie, Girum
Segon, Tesfaye
Melkam, Mamaru
Desalegn, Getachew Tesfaw
Zeleke, Tadele Amare
Prevalence and associated factors of depression, anxiety, and stress among high school students in, Northwest Ethiopia, 2021
title Prevalence and associated factors of depression, anxiety, and stress among high school students in, Northwest Ethiopia, 2021
title_full Prevalence and associated factors of depression, anxiety, and stress among high school students in, Northwest Ethiopia, 2021
title_fullStr Prevalence and associated factors of depression, anxiety, and stress among high school students in, Northwest Ethiopia, 2021
title_full_unstemmed Prevalence and associated factors of depression, anxiety, and stress among high school students in, Northwest Ethiopia, 2021
title_short Prevalence and associated factors of depression, anxiety, and stress among high school students in, Northwest Ethiopia, 2021
title_sort prevalence and associated factors of depression, anxiety, and stress among high school students in, northwest ethiopia, 2021
topic Research
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9707065/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36443717
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12888-022-04393-1
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