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Dystonia in veterinary neurology
Dystonia is a clinical sign and main feature of many movement disorders in humans as well as veterinary species. It is characterized by sustained or intermittent involuntary muscle contractions causing abnormal (often repetitive) movements, postures, or both. This review discusses the terminology an...
Autores principales: | , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
2022
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Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9708431/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36086931 http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jvim.16532 |
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author | Santifort, Koen M. Mandigers, Paul J. J. |
author_facet | Santifort, Koen M. Mandigers, Paul J. J. |
author_sort | Santifort, Koen M. |
collection | PubMed |
description | Dystonia is a clinical sign and main feature of many movement disorders in humans as well as veterinary species. It is characterized by sustained or intermittent involuntary muscle contractions causing abnormal (often repetitive) movements, postures, or both. This review discusses the terminology and definition of dystonia, its phenomenology, and its pathophysiology, and provides considerations regarding the diagnosis and treatment of dystonia in dogs and cats. In addition, currently recognized or reported disorders in dogs and cats in which dystonia is a particular or main feature are discussed and comparisons are made between disorders featuring dystonia in humans and animals. We suggest that when describing the phenomenology of dogs and cats with dystonia, if possible the following should be included: activity being performed at onset (e.g., resting or running or exercise‐induced), body distribution, duration, responsiveness (subjective), severity, temporal pattern (i.e., paroxysmal or persistent, severity at onset and at later stages), presence or absence of autonomic signs (e.g., salivation), presence or absence of preceding signs (e.g., restlessness), presence or absence of signs after dystonia subsides (e.g., sleepiness), coexistence of other movement disorders, any other neurological manifestations, and possible links to administered medications, intoxications or other associated factors. We also suggest that dystonia be classified based on its etiology as either structural genetic, suspected genetic, reactive, or unknown. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9708431 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | John Wiley & Sons, Inc. |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-97084312022-12-02 Dystonia in veterinary neurology Santifort, Koen M. Mandigers, Paul J. J. J Vet Intern Med SMALL ANIMAL Dystonia is a clinical sign and main feature of many movement disorders in humans as well as veterinary species. It is characterized by sustained or intermittent involuntary muscle contractions causing abnormal (often repetitive) movements, postures, or both. This review discusses the terminology and definition of dystonia, its phenomenology, and its pathophysiology, and provides considerations regarding the diagnosis and treatment of dystonia in dogs and cats. In addition, currently recognized or reported disorders in dogs and cats in which dystonia is a particular or main feature are discussed and comparisons are made between disorders featuring dystonia in humans and animals. We suggest that when describing the phenomenology of dogs and cats with dystonia, if possible the following should be included: activity being performed at onset (e.g., resting or running or exercise‐induced), body distribution, duration, responsiveness (subjective), severity, temporal pattern (i.e., paroxysmal or persistent, severity at onset and at later stages), presence or absence of autonomic signs (e.g., salivation), presence or absence of preceding signs (e.g., restlessness), presence or absence of signs after dystonia subsides (e.g., sleepiness), coexistence of other movement disorders, any other neurological manifestations, and possible links to administered medications, intoxications or other associated factors. We also suggest that dystonia be classified based on its etiology as either structural genetic, suspected genetic, reactive, or unknown. John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 2022-09-10 2022 /pmc/articles/PMC9708431/ /pubmed/36086931 http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jvim.16532 Text en © 2022 The Authors. Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/This is an open access article under the terms of the http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/) License, which permits use and distribution in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited, the use is non‐commercial and no modifications or adaptations are made. |
spellingShingle | SMALL ANIMAL Santifort, Koen M. Mandigers, Paul J. J. Dystonia in veterinary neurology |
title | Dystonia in veterinary neurology |
title_full | Dystonia in veterinary neurology |
title_fullStr | Dystonia in veterinary neurology |
title_full_unstemmed | Dystonia in veterinary neurology |
title_short | Dystonia in veterinary neurology |
title_sort | dystonia in veterinary neurology |
topic | SMALL ANIMAL |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9708431/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36086931 http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jvim.16532 |
work_keys_str_mv | AT santifortkoenm dystoniainveterinaryneurology AT mandigerspauljj dystoniainveterinaryneurology |