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Surface characteristics and bacterial adhesion of endodontic cements

OBJECTIVES: To investigate the effect of inclusion of silver nano-particles (SNP) or bioactive glass (BG) on the surface characteristics and bacterial adhesion of prototype tricalcium silicate (TCS)–based cements alongside two commercial cements, under different aging periods and exposure conditions...

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Autores principales: Koutroulis, Andreas, Valen, Håkon, Ørstavik, Dag, Kapralos, Vasileios, Camilleri, Josette, Sunde, Pia Titterud
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Springer Berlin Heidelberg 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9708781/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35931891
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00784-022-04655-y
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author Koutroulis, Andreas
Valen, Håkon
Ørstavik, Dag
Kapralos, Vasileios
Camilleri, Josette
Sunde, Pia Titterud
author_facet Koutroulis, Andreas
Valen, Håkon
Ørstavik, Dag
Kapralos, Vasileios
Camilleri, Josette
Sunde, Pia Titterud
author_sort Koutroulis, Andreas
collection PubMed
description OBJECTIVES: To investigate the effect of inclusion of silver nano-particles (SNP) or bioactive glass (BG) on the surface characteristics and bacterial adhesion of prototype tricalcium silicate (TCS)–based cements alongside two commercial cements, under different aging periods and exposure conditions. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A basic formulation of radio-opacified TCS without (TZ-base) and with additions of SNP (0.5, 1, or 2 mg/ml) or BG (10 or 20%) was used. Biodentine and intermediate restorative material (IRM) served as reference materials. Material disks were immersed in ultrapure water or fetal bovine serum (FBS) for 1, 7, or 28 days. Surface roughness (n = 3), microhardness (n = 9), and wettability (n = 6) were analyzed by standard procedures. Adhesion of Enterococcus faecalis was assessed by fluorescence microscopy (n = 5). Data from these assays were evaluated for normality and comparisons among groups were conducted with statistical procedures (p < 0.05 for significance). RESULTS: The surface morphology of SNP- and BG-containing cements had higher roughness values than TZ-base after 28 days (p < 0.05). No differences in microhardness were observed among prototype cements (p > 0.05). Biodentine presented smooth surface characteristics and the highest hardness values (p < 0.05). The FBS-immersion resulted in surface reactions in prototype materials and Biodentine, depicted with scanning electron microscopy. All 1- and 7-day prototype cements showed negligible bacterial adhesion, while in Biodentine and IRM, noticeable E. faecalis adherence was observed from day 1 (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Incorporation of SNP or BG did not improve the antibacterial effect of the experimental cement; all 28-day aged materials failed to inhibit bacterial adherence. The measured physical parameters did not appear to be related to the degree of bacterial adhesion. Exposure of TCS-based cements in FBS resulted in surface reactions, which did not affect bacterial adhesion. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Changes in the surface characteristics of prototype TCS-based cements by inclusion of SNP and BG or exposure to different environments did not affect bacterial adhesion. All experimental materials showed inferior physical properties and higher antibacterial effect than Biodentine. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s00784-022-04655-y.
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spelling pubmed-97087812022-12-01 Surface characteristics and bacterial adhesion of endodontic cements Koutroulis, Andreas Valen, Håkon Ørstavik, Dag Kapralos, Vasileios Camilleri, Josette Sunde, Pia Titterud Clin Oral Investig Original Article OBJECTIVES: To investigate the effect of inclusion of silver nano-particles (SNP) or bioactive glass (BG) on the surface characteristics and bacterial adhesion of prototype tricalcium silicate (TCS)–based cements alongside two commercial cements, under different aging periods and exposure conditions. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A basic formulation of radio-opacified TCS without (TZ-base) and with additions of SNP (0.5, 1, or 2 mg/ml) or BG (10 or 20%) was used. Biodentine and intermediate restorative material (IRM) served as reference materials. Material disks were immersed in ultrapure water or fetal bovine serum (FBS) for 1, 7, or 28 days. Surface roughness (n = 3), microhardness (n = 9), and wettability (n = 6) were analyzed by standard procedures. Adhesion of Enterococcus faecalis was assessed by fluorescence microscopy (n = 5). Data from these assays were evaluated for normality and comparisons among groups were conducted with statistical procedures (p < 0.05 for significance). RESULTS: The surface morphology of SNP- and BG-containing cements had higher roughness values than TZ-base after 28 days (p < 0.05). No differences in microhardness were observed among prototype cements (p > 0.05). Biodentine presented smooth surface characteristics and the highest hardness values (p < 0.05). The FBS-immersion resulted in surface reactions in prototype materials and Biodentine, depicted with scanning electron microscopy. All 1- and 7-day prototype cements showed negligible bacterial adhesion, while in Biodentine and IRM, noticeable E. faecalis adherence was observed from day 1 (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Incorporation of SNP or BG did not improve the antibacterial effect of the experimental cement; all 28-day aged materials failed to inhibit bacterial adherence. The measured physical parameters did not appear to be related to the degree of bacterial adhesion. Exposure of TCS-based cements in FBS resulted in surface reactions, which did not affect bacterial adhesion. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Changes in the surface characteristics of prototype TCS-based cements by inclusion of SNP and BG or exposure to different environments did not affect bacterial adhesion. All experimental materials showed inferior physical properties and higher antibacterial effect than Biodentine. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s00784-022-04655-y. Springer Berlin Heidelberg 2022-08-05 2022 /pmc/articles/PMC9708781/ /pubmed/35931891 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00784-022-04655-y Text en © The Author(s) 2022 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) .
spellingShingle Original Article
Koutroulis, Andreas
Valen, Håkon
Ørstavik, Dag
Kapralos, Vasileios
Camilleri, Josette
Sunde, Pia Titterud
Surface characteristics and bacterial adhesion of endodontic cements
title Surface characteristics and bacterial adhesion of endodontic cements
title_full Surface characteristics and bacterial adhesion of endodontic cements
title_fullStr Surface characteristics and bacterial adhesion of endodontic cements
title_full_unstemmed Surface characteristics and bacterial adhesion of endodontic cements
title_short Surface characteristics and bacterial adhesion of endodontic cements
title_sort surface characteristics and bacterial adhesion of endodontic cements
topic Original Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9708781/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35931891
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00784-022-04655-y
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