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Error performance analysis of generalized quadrature spatial modulation using H-8QAM
Motivated to enhance the error performance (EP) of generalised complex quadrature spatial modulation (GCQSM) systems, this study proposes a scheme that builds on GCQSM and uses hexagonal quadrature amplitude modulation (H-QAM) constellations which have the advantages of a maximised Euclidean distanc...
Autores principales: | , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Nature Publishing Group UK
2022
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9709764/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36450901 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-24950-8 |
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author | Sibanda, Nathael Xu, Hongjun Pillay, Narushan |
author_facet | Sibanda, Nathael Xu, Hongjun Pillay, Narushan |
author_sort | Sibanda, Nathael |
collection | PubMed |
description | Motivated to enhance the error performance (EP) of generalised complex quadrature spatial modulation (GCQSM) systems, this study proposes a scheme that builds on GCQSM and uses hexagonal quadrature amplitude modulation (H-QAM) constellations which have the advantages of a maximised Euclidean distance with relatively low peak-to-average power ratio, compared to conventional QAM (C-QAM) systems. This in turn, leads to an enhancement of the EP of GCQSM schemes. The proposed scheme utilises a rotated hexagonal 8QAM (H-8QAM) set. Thus, the proposed scheme is herein named; Generalised QSM using H-8QAM (GQSM-H-8QAM). In this study, the EP of the proposed GQSM-H-8QAM scheme is investigated over Rayleigh frequency flat-fading channels with additive white Gaussian noise. Additionally, a theoretical average bit error probability (ABEP) expression of the GQSM-H-8QAM scheme is formulated and validated using Monte Carlo simulations. Compared to simulation results, the ABEP proves to be increasingly tight at high signal-to-noise ratio values. Obtained simulation results also show an improvement in the EP of the GQSM-H-8QAM scheme over various SM schemes like GCQSM, C-QSM and conventional-generalized spatial modulation (C-GSM), at the same spectral efficiency (SE). An improvement in the EP of 0.61 dB with SE of 8 bits/s/Hz is seen in [Formula: see text] GQSM-H-8QAM over [Formula: see text] GCQSM using C-8QAM, 2.58 dB over [Formula: see text] C-QSM-C-64QAM and a gain of 4.85 dB over [Formula: see text] C-GSM-C-64QAM. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9709764 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | Nature Publishing Group UK |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-97097642022-11-30 Error performance analysis of generalized quadrature spatial modulation using H-8QAM Sibanda, Nathael Xu, Hongjun Pillay, Narushan Sci Rep Article Motivated to enhance the error performance (EP) of generalised complex quadrature spatial modulation (GCQSM) systems, this study proposes a scheme that builds on GCQSM and uses hexagonal quadrature amplitude modulation (H-QAM) constellations which have the advantages of a maximised Euclidean distance with relatively low peak-to-average power ratio, compared to conventional QAM (C-QAM) systems. This in turn, leads to an enhancement of the EP of GCQSM schemes. The proposed scheme utilises a rotated hexagonal 8QAM (H-8QAM) set. Thus, the proposed scheme is herein named; Generalised QSM using H-8QAM (GQSM-H-8QAM). In this study, the EP of the proposed GQSM-H-8QAM scheme is investigated over Rayleigh frequency flat-fading channels with additive white Gaussian noise. Additionally, a theoretical average bit error probability (ABEP) expression of the GQSM-H-8QAM scheme is formulated and validated using Monte Carlo simulations. Compared to simulation results, the ABEP proves to be increasingly tight at high signal-to-noise ratio values. Obtained simulation results also show an improvement in the EP of the GQSM-H-8QAM scheme over various SM schemes like GCQSM, C-QSM and conventional-generalized spatial modulation (C-GSM), at the same spectral efficiency (SE). An improvement in the EP of 0.61 dB with SE of 8 bits/s/Hz is seen in [Formula: see text] GQSM-H-8QAM over [Formula: see text] GCQSM using C-8QAM, 2.58 dB over [Formula: see text] C-QSM-C-64QAM and a gain of 4.85 dB over [Formula: see text] C-GSM-C-64QAM. Nature Publishing Group UK 2022-11-30 /pmc/articles/PMC9709764/ /pubmed/36450901 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-24950-8 Text en © The Author(s) 2022 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) . |
spellingShingle | Article Sibanda, Nathael Xu, Hongjun Pillay, Narushan Error performance analysis of generalized quadrature spatial modulation using H-8QAM |
title | Error performance analysis of generalized quadrature spatial modulation using H-8QAM |
title_full | Error performance analysis of generalized quadrature spatial modulation using H-8QAM |
title_fullStr | Error performance analysis of generalized quadrature spatial modulation using H-8QAM |
title_full_unstemmed | Error performance analysis of generalized quadrature spatial modulation using H-8QAM |
title_short | Error performance analysis of generalized quadrature spatial modulation using H-8QAM |
title_sort | error performance analysis of generalized quadrature spatial modulation using h-8qam |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9709764/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36450901 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-24950-8 |
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