A Qualitative Assessment of Patient Experience following Systematic Implementation of Goals of Care Conversations in the Ambulatory Gynecologic Oncology Setting

OBJECTIVE: Although skilled goals of care (GOC) conversations are known to reduce aggressive futile end-of-life care, they have not been widely implemented nor standardized in the care of gynecologic malignancies. Clinicians express concern regarding patient readiness and willingness to participate in these conversations, which may be a barrier to GOC discussions. METHODS: This is a qualitative study, conducted at an academic institution in the United States, of patients with gynecologic malignancies at high risk of death within six months and who had recently completed a GOC discussion with their oncology clinician during an ambulatory visit. Within 10 days of this conversation, patients were approached for potential participation in an hour-long semistructured interview. Patients enrolled in hospice or who were non-English speaking were excluded. Participants were enrolled until thematic saturation was reached. Interviews were transcribed and coded using the five-stage thematic approach. RESULTS: Ten women were consented and participated in semistructured interviews, which occurred a median of 4 (range 1–18) days after the index GOC discussion. The median age was 64 (range 37–78), and the most common diagnosis (50%) was recurrent platinum-resistant ovarian cancer. Four themes were identified: (1) delivery of the GOC conversation, (2) importance of prioritizing individual values, (3) involving family in decision making, and (4) openness to discussing discontinuation of anticancer treatment and hospice. Patients generally felt these GOC conversations were useful, providing a space to express their values and did not compromise the patient–clinician relationship. CONCLUSIONS: Patients seemed willing to engage in GOC conversations and were appreciative of their clinicians' communication skills. Often, they used this conversation as an opportunity to convey personal values affecting their care.