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Early relapse prediction after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) using lineage‐specific chimerism analysis

Relapse is a major cause of treatment failure after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) for acute leukemia. Here, we report a monocentric retrospective study of all HSCTs for B cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) performed during the years 2005–2021 (n = 138, including 51 children), a...

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Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Lindahl, Hannes, Valentini, Davide, Vonlanthen, Sofie, Sundin, Mikael, Björklund, Andreas T., Mielke, Stephan, Hauzenberger, Dan
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: John Wiley and Sons Inc. 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9713209/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36467849
http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jha2.568
Descripción
Sumario:Relapse is a major cause of treatment failure after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) for acute leukemia. Here, we report a monocentric retrospective study of all HSCTs for B cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) performed during the years 2005–2021 (n = 138, including 51 children), aiming to identify the optimal use of lineage‐specific recipient‐donor chimerism analysis for prediction of relapse. In adults, relapse was associated with increased recipient chimerism in CD3(+) bone marrow cells sampled at least 30 days before a relapse. Relapse could be predicted with a sensitivity of 73% and a specificity of 83%. Results were similar for children but with a higher recipient chimerism cutoff. Additionally, adults that had at least one chimerism value <0.12% in CD3(+) peripheral blood cells within the first 60 days after HSCT had 89% probability of being relapse‐free after 2‐years compared to 64%. Results were similar for children but again necessitating a higher chimerism cutoff. These results suggest that high‐sensitive lineage‐specific chimerism analysis can be used for (1) early ALL relapse prediction by longitudinal chimerism monitoring in CD3(+) bone marrow cells and (2) relapse risk stratification by analyzing CD3(+) blood cells early post‐HSCT.