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Community structure of the solitary giant pandas is maintained by indirect social connections
BACKGROUND: Indirect interactions between individual solitary mammals, such as the giant panda, are often overlooked because of their nature, yet are important for maintaining the necessary sociality in solitary species. METHODS AND RESULTS: Here, we determined the genetic identity of all giant pand...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
BioMed Central
2022
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9716724/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36457062 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s40462-022-00354-1 |
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author | Zhou, Wenliang Wang, Meng Ma, Yingjie Wang, Le Hu, Yibo Wei, Fuwen Nie, Yonggang |
author_facet | Zhou, Wenliang Wang, Meng Ma, Yingjie Wang, Le Hu, Yibo Wei, Fuwen Nie, Yonggang |
author_sort | Zhou, Wenliang |
collection | PubMed |
description | BACKGROUND: Indirect interactions between individual solitary mammals, such as the giant panda, are often overlooked because of their nature, yet are important for maintaining the necessary sociality in solitary species. METHODS AND RESULTS: Here, we determined the genetic identity of all giant panda individuals in a local population and matched these identities with their associations to determine social network of this solitary animal. Total thirty-five giant panda individuals were found in our field survey, and we constructed genetic and social networks for thirty-three individuals who successfully obtained genetic, age and sex information. The results showed that sex had great impact on both social network and genetic network, and age may have the potential to influence the social network of the giant pandas. Adult males, mostly in the central of the social network, which appeared significantly larger network connections than adult females. Due to the female-biased dispersal pattern of wild giant pandas, male-male pairs showed higher relatedness than female-female ones and multi-generational patrilinear assemblages are expected in the study area. CONCLUSIONS: The relatedness of individuals has an influence on the formation of community social structure of giant pandas, and indirect interactions among solitary giant pandas potentially function to reduce competition for resources and inbreeding. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s40462-022-00354-1. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9716724 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | BioMed Central |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-97167242022-12-03 Community structure of the solitary giant pandas is maintained by indirect social connections Zhou, Wenliang Wang, Meng Ma, Yingjie Wang, Le Hu, Yibo Wei, Fuwen Nie, Yonggang Mov Ecol Research BACKGROUND: Indirect interactions between individual solitary mammals, such as the giant panda, are often overlooked because of their nature, yet are important for maintaining the necessary sociality in solitary species. METHODS AND RESULTS: Here, we determined the genetic identity of all giant panda individuals in a local population and matched these identities with their associations to determine social network of this solitary animal. Total thirty-five giant panda individuals were found in our field survey, and we constructed genetic and social networks for thirty-three individuals who successfully obtained genetic, age and sex information. The results showed that sex had great impact on both social network and genetic network, and age may have the potential to influence the social network of the giant pandas. Adult males, mostly in the central of the social network, which appeared significantly larger network connections than adult females. Due to the female-biased dispersal pattern of wild giant pandas, male-male pairs showed higher relatedness than female-female ones and multi-generational patrilinear assemblages are expected in the study area. CONCLUSIONS: The relatedness of individuals has an influence on the formation of community social structure of giant pandas, and indirect interactions among solitary giant pandas potentially function to reduce competition for resources and inbreeding. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s40462-022-00354-1. BioMed Central 2022-12-01 /pmc/articles/PMC9716724/ /pubmed/36457062 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s40462-022-00354-1 Text en © The Author(s) 2022 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) . The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) ) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data. |
spellingShingle | Research Zhou, Wenliang Wang, Meng Ma, Yingjie Wang, Le Hu, Yibo Wei, Fuwen Nie, Yonggang Community structure of the solitary giant pandas is maintained by indirect social connections |
title | Community structure of the solitary giant pandas is maintained by indirect social connections |
title_full | Community structure of the solitary giant pandas is maintained by indirect social connections |
title_fullStr | Community structure of the solitary giant pandas is maintained by indirect social connections |
title_full_unstemmed | Community structure of the solitary giant pandas is maintained by indirect social connections |
title_short | Community structure of the solitary giant pandas is maintained by indirect social connections |
title_sort | community structure of the solitary giant pandas is maintained by indirect social connections |
topic | Research |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9716724/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36457062 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s40462-022-00354-1 |
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