Maternal and Fetal Outcomes of Preeclampsia With and Without Severe Features in King Abdulaziz University Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia: A Retrospective Study

Background Preeclampsia is a substantial pregnancy burden that may lead to poor feto-maternal outcomes, particularly in developing countries. It complicates 8% of pregnancies worldwide, resulting in high feto-maternal morbidity and mortality if not appropriately addressed. Despite significant development in obstetric care management in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA), prompt recognition of the problem and the necessary care and expertise are vital to tackle this complication. Hence, we studied feto-maternal outcomes in our setting. This study aims to assess the maternal and fetal outcomes of preeclampsia with and without severe features in King Abdulaziz University Hospital (KAUH), Jeddah, KSA. This study aims to identify the maternal and fetal outcomes of preeclampsia among pregnant patients in KAUH, evaluate the role of antepartum follow-up on maternal and fetal outcomes of preeclampsia, and correlate the maternal and fetal complications of preeclampsia. Methodology A retrospective, cross-sectional, hospital-based study was conducted in KAUH, Jeddah, KSA. A total of 83 patients (mean age: 32 ± 6.28) who were admitted with the diagnosis of preeclampsia from 2019 to 2021 were included in the study. Feto-maternal-related outcomes were analyzed in terms of complications. A descriptive statistical method was utilized for the analysis. Results The mean gestational ages where preeclampsia developed with and without severe features were 33.32 weeks and 36 weeks, respectively. There were no significant relationships between preeclampsia and neonatal outcomes. However, there was a significant relationship between preeclampsia with severe features and overall maternal complications without an inclination to a specific complication. Overall, 62% of patients who did not undergo an antenatal follow-up developed preeclampsia with severe features, and 72.2% of these cases were admitted through the emergency department. Conclusions Preeclampsia can have life-threatening effects on both the mother and the fetus; thus, follow-ups and early recognition are recommended to drastically improve morbidity and mortality and provide effective management in line with international and national guidelines to reduce the likelihood of unfavorable outcomes.